BIO 189 Exam 1: Fundamentals of Biology V2 - Arizona
College Updated and Latest Questions and Correct
Answers with Rationale
1. What is the first step of the scientific method?
A) Conclusion
B) Experiment
C) Observation
D) Hypothesis
Answer: C – Observation leads to a question.
2. A hypothesis must be:
A) Proven true
B) Testable and falsifiable
C) A theory
D) An opinion
Answer: B – Science requires testable predictions.
3. Which variable is graphed on the x-axis?
A) Independent
B) Dependent
C) Control
D) Constant
Answer: A – Independent variable is manipulated.
4. What is a control group?
A) No variables
B) No treatment
C) Only dependent variable
D) Only independent variable
Answer: B – Used for comparison.
5. Which is a theory?
A) Guess
,B) Well-tested explanation
C) Single fact
D) Opinion
Answer: B – Example: Cell Theory.
6. Smallest unit of life?
A) Cell
B) Atom
C) Molecule
D) Tissue
Answer: A – Cells are alive; atoms are not.
7. Which kingdom is prokaryotic?
A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Plants
D) Animals
Answer: A – Bacteria and Archaea only.
8. Which organelle contains DNA?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Lysosome
D) Golgi
Answer: A – Eukaryotes store DNA in nucleus.
9. Which is NOT found in prokaryotes?
A) Ribosomes
B) Cell membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Cytoplasm
Answer: C – Prokaryotes have no nucleus.
10. What does the mitochondria do?
A) Protein synthesis
,B) ATP production
C) Lipid storage
D) Waste digestion
Answer: B – Cellular respiration site.
11. Ribosomes make:
A) Lipids
B) DNA
C) Proteins
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C – Translation occurs here.
12. Smooth ER is for:
A) Protein folding
B) Lipid synthesis
C) ATP making
D) DNA replication
Answer: B – Also detoxification.
13. Golgi apparatus function:
A) Make ribosomes
B) Package proteins
C) Make ATP
D) Store water
Answer: B – Modifies and ships proteins.
14. Lysosomes contain:
A) DNA
B) ATP
C) Digestive enzymes
D) Ribosomes
Answer: C – Break down waste.
15. Plant cell structure NOT in animal cells:
A) Cell wall
, B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Ribosomes
Answer: A – Made of cellulose.
16. Diffusion moves molecules:
A) Low to high concentration
B) High to low concentration
C) With energy
D) Against gradient
Answer: B – Passive transport.
17. Osmosis is diffusion of:
A) Salt
B) Water
C) Glucose
D) Oxygen
Answer: B – Across a membrane.
18. Active transport requires:
A) No energy
B) ATP
C) No protein
D) No gradient
Answer: B – Moves against concentration gradient.
19. Hypertonic solution causes cell to:
A) Shrink
B) Swell
C) Stay same
D) Burst
Answer: A – Water leaves the cell.
20. Facilitated diffusion uses:
A) ATP
College Updated and Latest Questions and Correct
Answers with Rationale
1. What is the first step of the scientific method?
A) Conclusion
B) Experiment
C) Observation
D) Hypothesis
Answer: C – Observation leads to a question.
2. A hypothesis must be:
A) Proven true
B) Testable and falsifiable
C) A theory
D) An opinion
Answer: B – Science requires testable predictions.
3. Which variable is graphed on the x-axis?
A) Independent
B) Dependent
C) Control
D) Constant
Answer: A – Independent variable is manipulated.
4. What is a control group?
A) No variables
B) No treatment
C) Only dependent variable
D) Only independent variable
Answer: B – Used for comparison.
5. Which is a theory?
A) Guess
,B) Well-tested explanation
C) Single fact
D) Opinion
Answer: B – Example: Cell Theory.
6. Smallest unit of life?
A) Cell
B) Atom
C) Molecule
D) Tissue
Answer: A – Cells are alive; atoms are not.
7. Which kingdom is prokaryotic?
A) Bacteria
B) Fungi
C) Plants
D) Animals
Answer: A – Bacteria and Archaea only.
8. Which organelle contains DNA?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosome
C) Lysosome
D) Golgi
Answer: A – Eukaryotes store DNA in nucleus.
9. Which is NOT found in prokaryotes?
A) Ribosomes
B) Cell membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Cytoplasm
Answer: C – Prokaryotes have no nucleus.
10. What does the mitochondria do?
A) Protein synthesis
,B) ATP production
C) Lipid storage
D) Waste digestion
Answer: B – Cellular respiration site.
11. Ribosomes make:
A) Lipids
B) DNA
C) Proteins
D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C – Translation occurs here.
12. Smooth ER is for:
A) Protein folding
B) Lipid synthesis
C) ATP making
D) DNA replication
Answer: B – Also detoxification.
13. Golgi apparatus function:
A) Make ribosomes
B) Package proteins
C) Make ATP
D) Store water
Answer: B – Modifies and ships proteins.
14. Lysosomes contain:
A) DNA
B) ATP
C) Digestive enzymes
D) Ribosomes
Answer: C – Break down waste.
15. Plant cell structure NOT in animal cells:
A) Cell wall
, B) Nucleus
C) Mitochondria
D) Ribosomes
Answer: A – Made of cellulose.
16. Diffusion moves molecules:
A) Low to high concentration
B) High to low concentration
C) With energy
D) Against gradient
Answer: B – Passive transport.
17. Osmosis is diffusion of:
A) Salt
B) Water
C) Glucose
D) Oxygen
Answer: B – Across a membrane.
18. Active transport requires:
A) No energy
B) ATP
C) No protein
D) No gradient
Answer: B – Moves against concentration gradient.
19. Hypertonic solution causes cell to:
A) Shrink
B) Swell
C) Stay same
D) Burst
Answer: A – Water leaves the cell.
20. Facilitated diffusion uses:
A) ATP
