Rasmussen NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Ultimate Exam Prep & Comprehensive Study Guide | All Modules Reviewed with Practice Questions (2026/2027)

2026/2027


NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology
Exam Prep and Comprehensive Study
Guide 2026/2027 Rasmussen University

Question 1:
What is a primary function of the kidneys?

A. Production of insulin
B. Regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance
C. Storage of bile
D. Production of red blood cells only

Correct Answer: B. Regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance

Rationale: The kidneys regulate blood pressure, osmolarity, remove toxins, filter
blood, and activate vitamin D. Option A is incorrect because insulin is produced by
the pancreas. Option C is incorrect because bile is produced by the liver and stored in
the gallbladder. Option D is incorrect because kidneys stimulate RBC production but
do not solely produce them.


Question 2:
Which clinical manifestation is most associated with benign prostatic hypertrophy
(BPH)?

A. Hematuria and flank rigidity
B. Dribbling and urinary retention
C. Severe abdominal distension
D. Proteinuria and edema

Correct Answer: B. Dribbling and urinary retention

Rationale: BPH causes urinary obstruction leading to hesitancy, dribbling, weak
stream, and retention. Options A, C, and D are not typical BPH symptoms.


Question 3:
Which hormone controls water reabsorption in the collecting ducts?

A. Aldosterone
B. Insulin

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C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Thyroxine

Correct Answer: C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Rationale: ADH regulates water reabsorption in kidney collecting ducts. Aldosterone
affects sodium retention, insulin regulates glucose, and thyroxine regulates
metabolism.


Question 4:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is primarily characterized by:

A. Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic cells
B. Absolute insulin deficiency
C. Peripheral tissue insulin resistance
D. Excess glucagon production only

Correct Answer: C. Peripheral tissue insulin resistance

Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is caused by insulin resistance. Type 1 involves
autoimmune destruction (A and B are incorrect). Glucagon imbalance (D) is not the
primary cause.


Question 5:
Which findings are typical in Graves’ disease?

A. Weight gain and cold intolerance
B. Exophthalmos and goiter
C. Bradycardia and constipation
D. Dry skin and lethargy

Correct Answer: B. Exophthalmos and goiter

Rationale: Graves’ disease causes hyperthyroidism leading to bulging eyes, goiter,
heat intolerance, and anxiety. Other options describe hypothyroidism.


Question 6:
What metabolic processes occur during fasting?

A. Only glycogenesis
B. Glycogenesis and glucogenesis

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C. Lipogenesis only
D. Ketone breakdown only

Correct Answer: B. Glycogenesis and glucogenesis

Rationale: During fasting, the body maintains glucose via glycogenesis and
gluconeogenesis. Lipogenesis occurs in fed state, not fasting.


Question 7:
In type 1 diabetes, what tissue is primarily used for energy production when glucose
is unavailable?

A. Bone tissue
B. Adipose tissue
C. Muscle cartilage
D. Liver bile cells

Correct Answer: B. Adipose tissue

Rationale: Fat (adipose tissue) is broken down for energy in type 1 diabetes. Other
tissues are not primary energy reserves.


Question 8:
Which are symptoms of hypothyroidism?

A. Weight loss and tachycardia
B. Myxedema and weight gain
C. Anxiety and sweating
D. Hypertension and tremors

Correct Answer: B. Myxedema and weight gain

Rationale: Hypothyroidism causes slowed metabolism leading to fatigue, weight gain,
cold intolerance, and myxedema. Other options describe hyperthyroidism.


Question 9:
Which findings indicate hyperthyroidism?

A. Weight gain and fatigue
B. Goiter and weight loss
C. Bradycardia and lethargy
D. Constipation and dry skin