SPCE 609 FINAL EXAM UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
Provide no more than three verbal warnings before The textbook outlines four guidelines for effectively using timeout from positive
putting the individual in timeout. reinforcement. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?
timeout from positive reinforcement Most people today have first-hand experience with the negative punishment
technique known as _________________ _. This method of punishment was
pioneered in the animal lab and adapted for use by applied behavior analysts.
This effective method of punishment has largely replaced the physical
punishments previously used by parents; e.g., smacking, hitting, spanking, and
whipping with a switch.
conditioned punisher A dog has learned to stay away from the invisible fence because, each time it
approaches it, a tone is presented. The tone signals that, if the dog continues to
approach the invisible fence, a shock will be presented. This device uses a
_ __________ (the tone) to decrease the frequency of leaving the yard.
negative punishment Burns got a job teaching at the local high-school. On the first day, he had many
problems with class clowns and rude behaviors occurring during his lecture (e.g.,
one student sitting in the back would make squishy sounds every time Mr. Burns
took a step). Burns had had enough of this about 30 minutes into his first class. He
started subtracting 1 point from each student who spoke (or made squishy
sounds) without first raising their hand. Mr. Burns found that this _____________________
procedure resulted in an immediate decrease in inappropriate verbal responses.
, positive reinforcement The parents consulted with the behavior analyst because their child threw
tantrums at bedtime. This typically went on for hours, which meant that the child
was not getting enough sleep (nor were the parents). The parents said they had
been using timeout - when the child tantrums in bed, they remove the child from
the bed and bring him to the living room where he has to sit quietly in a timeout
chair for 30 minutes while the parents (and the child) watch TV. Despite their good
intentions, the tantruming continues. The behavior analyst explained to the
parents that timeout only works if it is a timeout from...
Negative punisher Charlie works about 8 overtime hours per week. He says he hates it, but it helps
his family make ends meet. On Monday, Charlie lost his temper and yelled at his
boss. His boss told him that he was barring him from working any overtime hours
for the rest of the week. This reduced Charlie's income. After that, Charlie was
careful to hold his tongue when he was angry with his boss. Barring Charlie from
working overtime hours appears to function as a
All of these When thinning out the schedule of reinforcement that is maintaining a newly
acquired adaptive behavior (which is to replace a problem behavior), it is critical
to...
Variable-ratio (VR) Under a ____________ schedule of reinforcement, the amount of time that must
elapse before the first response is reinforced is not the same every time.
a high rate of responding with little or no post- The typical pattern of responding under an FR schedule of reinforcement is...
reinforcement pause.
Variable-ratio (VR) Which schedule of reinforcement will maintain the most behavior, particularly as
the schedule value gets very large?
continuous The simplest contingency is __________ reinforcement, in which every instance of
the response is reinforced.
fixed-ratio (FR) 50 IF an average of 50 responses -> THEN one reinforcer describes a ____________
schedule of reinforcement.
Backward chaining There are two methods for teaching an individual to emit a stimulus-response
chain. In the method known as _____________ the final link in the chain is taught
first and, once that link is mastered, addition links are added in reverse order.
tact April, a 2-year old, is outside on a blustery winter day. April says "snow". Her
parents, looking at all of the snow on the ground, reply, "Yes sweety, there is a lot
of snow outside today." Because April's verbal response is (1) occasioned by a
nonverbal stimulus (the snow she sees all around her) and (2) maintained by her
parents' social reinforcers ("Yes sweety..."), we would classify her verbal response
as a(n)...
Three term contingency The functional relation between antecedent, behavior, and consequence is known
as the
ANSWERS
Provide no more than three verbal warnings before The textbook outlines four guidelines for effectively using timeout from positive
putting the individual in timeout. reinforcement. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?
timeout from positive reinforcement Most people today have first-hand experience with the negative punishment
technique known as _________________ _. This method of punishment was
pioneered in the animal lab and adapted for use by applied behavior analysts.
This effective method of punishment has largely replaced the physical
punishments previously used by parents; e.g., smacking, hitting, spanking, and
whipping with a switch.
conditioned punisher A dog has learned to stay away from the invisible fence because, each time it
approaches it, a tone is presented. The tone signals that, if the dog continues to
approach the invisible fence, a shock will be presented. This device uses a
_ __________ (the tone) to decrease the frequency of leaving the yard.
negative punishment Burns got a job teaching at the local high-school. On the first day, he had many
problems with class clowns and rude behaviors occurring during his lecture (e.g.,
one student sitting in the back would make squishy sounds every time Mr. Burns
took a step). Burns had had enough of this about 30 minutes into his first class. He
started subtracting 1 point from each student who spoke (or made squishy
sounds) without first raising their hand. Mr. Burns found that this _____________________
procedure resulted in an immediate decrease in inappropriate verbal responses.
, positive reinforcement The parents consulted with the behavior analyst because their child threw
tantrums at bedtime. This typically went on for hours, which meant that the child
was not getting enough sleep (nor were the parents). The parents said they had
been using timeout - when the child tantrums in bed, they remove the child from
the bed and bring him to the living room where he has to sit quietly in a timeout
chair for 30 minutes while the parents (and the child) watch TV. Despite their good
intentions, the tantruming continues. The behavior analyst explained to the
parents that timeout only works if it is a timeout from...
Negative punisher Charlie works about 8 overtime hours per week. He says he hates it, but it helps
his family make ends meet. On Monday, Charlie lost his temper and yelled at his
boss. His boss told him that he was barring him from working any overtime hours
for the rest of the week. This reduced Charlie's income. After that, Charlie was
careful to hold his tongue when he was angry with his boss. Barring Charlie from
working overtime hours appears to function as a
All of these When thinning out the schedule of reinforcement that is maintaining a newly
acquired adaptive behavior (which is to replace a problem behavior), it is critical
to...
Variable-ratio (VR) Under a ____________ schedule of reinforcement, the amount of time that must
elapse before the first response is reinforced is not the same every time.
a high rate of responding with little or no post- The typical pattern of responding under an FR schedule of reinforcement is...
reinforcement pause.
Variable-ratio (VR) Which schedule of reinforcement will maintain the most behavior, particularly as
the schedule value gets very large?
continuous The simplest contingency is __________ reinforcement, in which every instance of
the response is reinforced.
fixed-ratio (FR) 50 IF an average of 50 responses -> THEN one reinforcer describes a ____________
schedule of reinforcement.
Backward chaining There are two methods for teaching an individual to emit a stimulus-response
chain. In the method known as _____________ the final link in the chain is taught
first and, once that link is mastered, addition links are added in reverse order.
tact April, a 2-year old, is outside on a blustery winter day. April says "snow". Her
parents, looking at all of the snow on the ground, reply, "Yes sweety, there is a lot
of snow outside today." Because April's verbal response is (1) occasioned by a
nonverbal stimulus (the snow she sees all around her) and (2) maintained by her
parents' social reinforcers ("Yes sweety..."), we would classify her verbal response
as a(n)...
Three term contingency The functional relation between antecedent, behavior, and consequence is known
as the
