UCSB EEMB 2 Final Exam Practice Questions
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<Expert Graded A+>
1. Paraphyletic - ANSWER clade but pick and choose what you include
2. Polyphyletic - ANSWER multiple common ancestors, pick and choose what
you include
3. Monophyletic - ANSWER clade
4. Analogus - ANSWER traits that come from convergent evolution not a
common ancestor, think birds and bat wings
5. Homologus - ANSWER traits that come from a common ancestor, think
monkeys and humans having five digit hands
6. allopatric - ANSWER physical barrier causing speciation think rivers
7. peripatric - ANSWER when new species forms on edge of existing species
think foxes and genetic drift
8. parapatric - ANSWER when a new species forms within a continuous
population think field of flowers with different soil conditions on either end
9. sympatric - ANSWER when new species arises within pre-existing think
finches (new niche)
,10.for a trait to be an adaptation... - ANSWER it must be shaped by natural
selection, increasing fitness in that environment at that time (think small
body size of foxes on channel islands)
11.selective pressures - ANSWER -biotic (competition/predation)
-abiotic (semi arid, not a lot of water)
12.channel island trophic cascade - ANSWER bald eagles left foxes alone -->
DDT introduced --> ****ed fish --> bald eagles eat jank fish --> bald eagle
eggs can't hatch --> bald eagles bye, golden eagles hello -->golden eagles eat
foxes --> being small became maladaptive --> foxes almost extinct -->
remove DDT --> bald eagles come back --> fox populations restored
13.for speciation to occur... - ANSWER gene flow must stop or become very
limited and there must be different selective pressures
14.biological Concept - ANSWER who can interbreed?
limit: must be able to see reproduction (no asexual no extinct)
ex. different breeds of dogs, hybrids (zonkeys)
15.morphological concept - ANSWER what do they look like? What is there
structure?
limit: analogus traits think birds and bats
ex. fossils
16.ecological concept - ANSWER what is their niche?
limit: when do they become distinctly different niches
, ex. sympatric speciation, think finches
17.phylogenetic concept - ANSWER who shares genetic information? how
genetically similar?
limit: subjective, what is similar enough to be same species, what is cut off
18.what does climate and environment determine? - ANSWER selective
pressure
19.Transitional forms - ANSWER in between two species / traits
20.5 mechanisms of evolution - ANSWER -mutation
-non-random mating
-gene flow
-genetic drift
-natural selection
21.allele frequency equation - ANSWER frequency of allele A = (# of A allele)
/ (total # of A and a alleles in population)
22.non-random mating - ANSWER -assortive (similar genotypes)
-disassortive (different geneotypes)
23.natural selection - ANSWER process by which fitness increasing alleles
become more common in a population over generations
with Verified Answers | Guarantee Pass
<Expert Graded A+>
1. Paraphyletic - ANSWER clade but pick and choose what you include
2. Polyphyletic - ANSWER multiple common ancestors, pick and choose what
you include
3. Monophyletic - ANSWER clade
4. Analogus - ANSWER traits that come from convergent evolution not a
common ancestor, think birds and bat wings
5. Homologus - ANSWER traits that come from a common ancestor, think
monkeys and humans having five digit hands
6. allopatric - ANSWER physical barrier causing speciation think rivers
7. peripatric - ANSWER when new species forms on edge of existing species
think foxes and genetic drift
8. parapatric - ANSWER when a new species forms within a continuous
population think field of flowers with different soil conditions on either end
9. sympatric - ANSWER when new species arises within pre-existing think
finches (new niche)
,10.for a trait to be an adaptation... - ANSWER it must be shaped by natural
selection, increasing fitness in that environment at that time (think small
body size of foxes on channel islands)
11.selective pressures - ANSWER -biotic (competition/predation)
-abiotic (semi arid, not a lot of water)
12.channel island trophic cascade - ANSWER bald eagles left foxes alone -->
DDT introduced --> ****ed fish --> bald eagles eat jank fish --> bald eagle
eggs can't hatch --> bald eagles bye, golden eagles hello -->golden eagles eat
foxes --> being small became maladaptive --> foxes almost extinct -->
remove DDT --> bald eagles come back --> fox populations restored
13.for speciation to occur... - ANSWER gene flow must stop or become very
limited and there must be different selective pressures
14.biological Concept - ANSWER who can interbreed?
limit: must be able to see reproduction (no asexual no extinct)
ex. different breeds of dogs, hybrids (zonkeys)
15.morphological concept - ANSWER what do they look like? What is there
structure?
limit: analogus traits think birds and bats
ex. fossils
16.ecological concept - ANSWER what is their niche?
limit: when do they become distinctly different niches
, ex. sympatric speciation, think finches
17.phylogenetic concept - ANSWER who shares genetic information? how
genetically similar?
limit: subjective, what is similar enough to be same species, what is cut off
18.what does climate and environment determine? - ANSWER selective
pressure
19.Transitional forms - ANSWER in between two species / traits
20.5 mechanisms of evolution - ANSWER -mutation
-non-random mating
-gene flow
-genetic drift
-natural selection
21.allele frequency equation - ANSWER frequency of allele A = (# of A allele)
/ (total # of A and a alleles in population)
22.non-random mating - ANSWER -assortive (similar genotypes)
-disassortive (different geneotypes)
23.natural selection - ANSWER process by which fitness increasing alleles
become more common in a population over generations
