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Squanto ✔Correct Answer-Agonquian, helped early English settlers survive the hard winter by
teaching them the native methods of planting corn, squash, and pumpkins
Pocahontas ✔Correct Answer-Algonquian, liaison with John Smith's Jamestown colony in
1607
Sacagawea ✔Correct Answer-Shoshone, served a vital role in the Lewis and Clark expedition
when the two explorers hired her as their guide in 1805
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull ✔Correct Answer-Led Sioux and Cheyenne troops in the Battle of
Little Bighorn in 1876, defeating George Custer
Chief Joseph ✔Correct Answer-Leader of the Nez Perce who supported peaceful interaction
with white settlers, attempted to relocate his tribe to Canada rather than move them to a
reservation.
Algonquians ✔Correct Answer-Lived in Eastern US in wigwams, northern tribes subsisted on
hunting and gathering, while those who were farther south grew crops such as corn
Iroquois ✔Correct Answer-Lived in Eastern US, in rectangular longhouses
Plains Tribes ✔Correct Answer-Lived between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains,
nomadic tribes, lived in tepees and followed the buffalo herds. Tribes included the Sioux,
Cheyenne, Comanche, and Blackfoot
Pueblo ✔Correct Answer-Lived in the Southwest deserts in homes made of stone or adobe,
domesticated animals and cultivated corns and beans. Tribes included the Zuni, Hopi, and
Acoma.
Pacific Coast Tribes ✔Correct Answer-Lived in rectangular homes that housed large families,
ate fish, deer, native berries and roots. They used totem poles. Tribes included the Tlingit,
Chinook and Salish.
Far Northwest Tribes ✔Correct Answer-Lived in skin tents or igloos, talented fishermen, they
built kayaks and umiaks and also hunted caribou, seals, whales, and walrus. Tribes included the
Aleut and Inuit.
,Age of exploration ✔Correct Answer-also called the age of discovery, 1400-1700, major
developments in technology (navigation, mapmaking, shipbuilding), led to expanded European
exploration and colonization of the rest of the world.
Navigational Tools of the Age of Exploration ✔Correct Answer-magnetic compass (developed
in China), astrolabe (developed by Arabs)
Caravel ✔Correct Answer-A small, easily steerable ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish in
their explorations, used by Portuguese to discover a sea route from Europe to Asia in 1498.
French goals for colonization ✔Correct Answer-initially focused on expanding the fur trade.
Later, colonization led to the growth of plantations in Louisiana which brought numerous
African slaves to the New World
Spanish goals for colonization ✔Correct Answer-looking for wealth, and sought to convert the
native tribes to Christianity. For some, the desire for gold led to mining in the New World, while
others established large ranches.
Dutch goals for colonization ✔Correct Answer-looking to expand the fur trade, and imported
slaves as the need for laborers increased.
British goals for colonization ✔Correct Answer-various goals, some looking for additional
income, others fled religious persecution.
New England Colonies (Names & Origin) ✔Correct Answer-NH, CT, RI, MA, Founded largely to
escape religious persecution in England, influenced by Puritan religion.
New England Colonies (land & economy) ✔Correct Answer-Dense forest and numerous
harbors, short growing season and rocky soil. Economy centered around fishing, shipbuilding,
trade, and lumber, most lived in towns or cities.
Middle or Middle Atlantic Colonies (Names & Origin) ✔Correct Answer-NY, NJ, PA, DE,
founded by colonists from various countries (the Netherlands, Holland, Sweden).
Middle or Middle Atlantic Colonies (land & economy) ✔Correct Answer-Fertile land, major
producers of crops such as rye, oats, potatoes, wheat, and Barley. Wealthy colonists owned
large farms & businesses, farms produced a surplus, tenant farming was common.
Southern Colonies (names & origin) ✔Correct Answer-MD, VA, NC, SC, GA, British origin
Southern Colonies (land & economy) ✔Correct Answer-Land encouraged agriculture,
economy was based largely on labor-intensive plantations that grew tobacco, rive, and indigo,
valuable cash crops. Land was controlled by wealthy plantation owners, first of African slaves
arrived in Virginia in 1619.
, French & Indian War ✔Correct Answer-(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the
English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won and became the
dominant colonial power in the American Colonies.
Navigation Acts ✔Correct Answer-1651, laws passed by Britain to dominate international
trade. Banned foreign ships from transporting goods to the British colonies, and from
transporting goods to Britain from elsewhere in Europe. Helped the colonists to develop a
thriving shipbuilding industry.
French & Indian War Tax impact ✔Correct Answer-Britain raised taxes on the colonists
because they needed to pay off the debt from the war, to pay for defense of the expanding
empire, and to fund the governments of all colonies. Many American colonists protested these
increased taxes.
Triangular Trade ✔Correct Answer-Began in the colonies with ships setting off for African
carrying rum. In Africa, the rum was traded for gold or slaves, slave ships then went from Africa
to the West Indies, trading slaves for sugar or molasses to make more rum. Violated the
Molasses Act of 1733, which required colonists to pay high taxes to Britain on Molasses
acquired from other European colonies.
Quartering Act of 1765 ✔Correct Answer-required colonists to provide accommodations and
supplies for British troops, in addition, colonists were prohibited from settling west of the
Appalachians until given permission by Britain.
Sugar Act of 1764 ✔Correct Answer-Required taxes to be collected on molasses brought into
the colonies, and gave British officials the right to search the homes of anyone suspected of
violating it.
Stamp Act of 1765 ✔Correct Answer-taxed printed materials such as newspapers and legal
documents, protests led to its repeal in 1766, but the repeal also included the Declaratory Act,
which stated that Parliament had the right to govern the colonies
Townshend Acts of 1767 ✔Correct Answer-Taxed paper, paint, lead, and tea that came into
the colonies. Colonists led boycotts in protest, and in MA, leaders like Samuel and John Adams
began to organize resistance against British rule.
Boston Massacre ✔Correct Answer-The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as
British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five American
colonists following the passage of the Townshend Acts, and many were repealed soon
thereafter
Tea Act of 1773 ✔Correct Answer-Act which maintained tax on tea after most of the other
Townshend Acts were repealed, allowed East India Tea Company to sell tea for much lower