2026 Ultimate Final Review | Grade A+
• EMTALA. CORRECT ANSWER: Requires emergency departments to evaluate and
stabilize patients regardless of their ability to pay, ensuring access to emergency care.
• HIPAA. CORRECT ANSWER: Protects sensitive Patient Health Information
(PHI/ePHI) and sets standards for confidentiality.
• Covered Entities. CORRECT ANSWER: Organizations that create and receive PHI
(providers, health plans, and clearinghouses).
• Business Associates. CORRECT ANSWER: Third-party vendors hired by covered
entities who also must follow HIPAA.
• False Claims Act. CORRECT ANSWER: Prohibits knowingly submitting fraudulent
claims to federal healthcare programs.
• Anti-Kickback Statute. CORRECT ANSWER: Criminalizes offering, paying, soliciting,
or receiving anything of value to influence referrals for federally funded healthcare
services.
• Stark Law. CORRECT ANSWER: Prohibits physician referrals for specific Medicare-
covered health services if the physician or an immediate family member has a financial
relationship with the entity.
• Abuse. CORRECT ANSWER: Practices inconsistent with sound medical or business
standards.
• Compliance Plans. CORRECT ANSWER: Used by organizations to follow legal rules,
reduce the risk of fraud allegations, improve claim submission, and mitigate penalties.
• Need-based decision making. CORRECT ANSWER: Focuses solely on the care
required to treat a condition without weighing resource allocation.
• Economic decision making. CORRECT ANSWER: Evaluates opportunity costs, asking
what must be forgone when a choice is made.
• Uncertainty and Asymmetry. CORRECT ANSWER: Health needs are unpredictable,
and information asymmetry exists because providers know significantly more about
diagnoses and treatments than patients.
• Elasticity. CORRECT ANSWER: Elastic demand means people are highly sensitive to
price changes; inelastic demand means price changes minimally affect consumption.