Test Bank for Physics by Cutnell & Johnson, 12th Edition | 2026 Updated Physics Exam Questions and Practice Material

TEST BANK Physics by John D. Cutnell, Kenneth W. Johnson 12th Edition Wiley Loose-Leaf Print Edition CUTNELL & JOHNSON PHYSICS DAVID YOUNG I SHANE STADLER 12TH EDITION WILEY TEST BANK FOR Physics, 12th Edition John D. Cutnell, Kenneth W. Johnson, David Young, Shane Stadler Chapter: Chapter 1 Multiple Choice 1. Which one of the following is an SI base unit? A) gram B) slug C) newton D) centimeter E) kilogram Ans: E Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 2. Complete the following statement: Today, the standard meter is defined in terms of A) the distance from the earth's equator to the north pole. B) the wavelength of light emitted from a krypton atom. C) the wavelength of light emitted from a sodium atom. D) a platinum-iridium bar kept in France. E) the speed of light. Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 3. Complete the following statement: Today, the standard unit of mass is defined in terms of A) a specified volume ofwater at 4 °С. B) Planck's constant h. C) a specified number of cesium atoms. D) a standard platinum bar. E) the speed of light. Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 4. Complete the following statement: Today, the standard unit oftime is defined in terms of A) the electromagnetic waves emitted by cesium atoms. B) the motion of the moon around the earth C) the motion of a precision pendulum. D) the average solar day. E) the speed of light. Ans: A Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 5. The mass of a raindrop is 4 milligrams. Which one ofthe following statements indicates the correct mass ofthe raindrop in grams? A) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 10° grams. B) The raindrop has a mass of 4 x 10-³ grams. C) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 10 grams. D) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 103 grams. E) The raindrop has a mass of 4 × 10grams. Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 6. Which one of the following is the longest length? A) 10° meters B) 10-centimeters C) 10 millimeters D) 10 micrometers E) 10 nanometers Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 7. In a diving competition, a woman dives from a platform that is ten meters above the surface of the water. What is the height, expressed in feet, ofthe platform? A) 13 feet B) 18 feet C) 24 feet D) 33 feet E) 47 feet Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 8. A candy shop sells a pound of chocolate for $ 10.85. What is the price of 1.50 kg of chocolate at the shop? A) $8.17 B) $ 13.49 C) $ 17.98 D) $ 29.73 E) $ 35.81 Ans: E Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 9. Complete the following statement: The ratio 1 milligram 1 kilogram is equal to A) 102. B) 103. C) 106 D) 10-3 E) 105 Ans: E Difficulty: Medium Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 7. In a diving competition, a woman dives from a platform that is ten meters above the surface of the water. What is the height, expressed in feet, of the platform? A) 13 feet B) 18 feet C) 24 feet D) 33 feet E) 47 feet Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 8. A candy shop sells a pound of chocolate for $ 10.85. What is the price of 1.50 kg of chocolate at the shop? A) $ 8.17 B) $ 13.49 C) $ 17.98 D) $ 29.73 E) $ 35.81 Ans: E Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 9. Complete the following statement: The ratio A) 102 . B) 103 . C) 106 . D) 10–3 . E) 10–6 . Ans: E Difficulty: Medium 1 milligram 1 kilogram is equal to SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 10. Which one of the following choices is equivalent to 8.0 m2 ? A) 8.0 × 10–4 cm2 B) 8.0 × 102 cm2 C) 8.0 × 10–2 cm2 D) 8.0 × 104 cm2 E) 8.0 × 103 cm2 Ans: D Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 11. Which one of the following pairs of units may not be added together, even after the appropriate unit conversions have been made? A) grams and milligrams B) kilometers and kilograms C) miles and kilometers D) slugs and kilograms E) centimeters and yards Ans: B Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 12. Which one of the following choices is equivalent to 44.5 mm? A) 4.45 × 101 m B) 4.45 × 10–2 m C) 44.5 × 10–1 m D) 44.5 × 10–2 m E) 4.45 × 100 m Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 13. Which one of the following choices is equivalent to 152 m? A) 1.52 × 101 m B) 1.52 × 102 m C) 1.52 × 10–1 m D) 1.52 × 10–2 m E) 1.52 × 100 m Ans: B Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 14. In the sport of horseshoe pitching, two stakes are 40.0 feet apart. What is the distance in meters between the two stakes? A) 24.4 m B) 4.80 m C) 18.3 m D) 12.2 m E) 15.7 m Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 15. The Boston Marathon is the oldest annual foot race, in which those that finish complete a distance of 26 miles, 385 yards. Express this distance in kilometers. A) 16.295 km B) 16.398 km C) 42.193km D) 42.453 km E) 56.496 km Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 16. The surface of a lake has an area of 15.5 km2 . What is the area of the lake in m2 ? A) 1.55 × 104 m2 B) 1.55 × 105 m2 C) 1.55 × 106 m2 D) 1.55 × 107 m2 E) 1.55 × 108 m2 Ans: D Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 17. The mathematical relationship between three physical quantities is given by [L] b 2 a  c . If the dimension of b is; dimension of a? A) [L] [T] and the dimension of c is [L]. Which one of the following choices is the [L] B) [T]2 [L] C) [T] D) [T] [L]2 E) [T]2 Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 18. The distance d that a certain particle moves may be calculated from the expression d = at + bt2 where a and b are constants; and t is the elapsed time. What must the dimensions of the quantities a and b be, respectively? [L] , [L] A) [T] [T]2 B) [L], [L]2 [L] , [L] C) [T]2 [T]3 [L] [L]2 [T] , [T]2 1 , 1 E) [T] [T]2 Ans: A Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 19. Using the dimensions given for the variables in the table, determine which one of the following expressions is correct. variable dimension f 1 l [T] [L] g [L] [T]2 f  g A) 2l B) f = 2gl 2 f  C) g l D)  2   2  2 f  D) E) f  2 Ans: C Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 20. A certain physical quantity, R, is calculated using the formula: R = 4a 2 (b – c) where a, b, and c are distances. What is the SI unit for R? A) cm B) cm2 C) m D) m2 E) m3 Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-2 and Section 1-3 21. Which one of the following expressions may be used to correctly find the angle  in the drawing?   cos1  5  A)     tan1  5  B)   gl  5   5   2    sin1  2  C)     tan1  2  D)     sin1  5  E)   Ans: B Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-4 22. The length of each side of a square is 4.0 m. What is the length of the diagonal of the square (shown as a dashed line in the figure)? A) 2.8 m B) 8.0 m C) 5.7 m D) 6.8 m E) 16 m Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-4 23. Three sticks are arranged to form a right triangle. If the lengths of the three sticks are 0.47 m, 0.62 m and 0.78 m, what are the three angles of the triangle? A) 90°, 45°, and 45° B) 90°, 62°, and 28° C) 90°, 59°, and 31° D) 90°, 48°, and 42° E) 90°, 53°, and 37° Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-4 24. A 3.0-m ladder leans against a wall and makes an angle with the wall of 28° as shown in the drawing. What is the height h above the ground where the ladder makes contact with the wall? A) 2.6 m B) 2.3 m C) 2.1 m D) 1.9 m E) 1.6 m Ans: A Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-4 25. A pole is held vertically by attaching wires at a height of 13.4 m above the ground. The other end of each wire is anchored in the ground at a distance of 9.54 m from the base of the pole. The pole makes a right angle with the ground. What is the length of each wire? A) 14.1 m B) 19.7 m C) 11.5 m D) 16.4 m E) 22.8 m Ans: D Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-4 26. A certain mountain road is inclined 3.1° with respect to the horizon. What is the change in altitude of the car as a result of its traveling 2.90 km along the road? A) 157 m B) 181 m C) 116 m D) 203 m E) 289 m Ans: A Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-4 27. A surveyor wants to find the shortest distance across a section of river. A stake is placed on each bank of the river as shown in the figure. She measures a distance of 30.0 m from one stake to another on the same side of the river, thus finding the third leg on a right triangle. She then measures the angle  and finds it equal to 75.9°. What is the shortest distance across this section of river? A) 89.2 m B) 15.3 m C) 119 m D) 268 m E) 29.0 m Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-4 28. Which one of the following choices is a vector quantity? A) mass B) temperature C) time D) displacement E) volume Ans: D Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-5 29. Which one of the following quantities is a vector quantity? A) the age of the earth B) the mass of a freight train C) the earth's pull on your body D) the temperature of an iced coffee E) the number of people attending a soccer game Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 30. Which one of the following statements is true concerning scalar quantities? A) Scalar quantities must be represented by base units. B) Scalar quantities have both magnitude and direction. C) Scalar quantities can be added to vector quantities using rules of trigonometry. D) Scalar quantities can be added to other scalar quantities using rules of trigonometry. E) Scalar quantities can be added to other scalar quantities using rules of ordinary addition. Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 31. Two vectors A and B are added together to form a vector C . The relationship between the magnitudes of the vectors is given by A + B = C. Which one of the following statements concerning these vectors is true? A) A B) A C) A D) A E) A and B and B and B and B and B must be displacements. must have equal lengths. must point in opposite directions. must point in the same direction. must be at right angles to each other. Ans: D Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 32. Two vectors A and B are added together to form a vector C . The relationship between the magnitudes of the vectors is given by: A 2 + B 2 = C 2 . Which statement concerning these vectors is true? Note thatA and B are not the zero vector. A) A B) A C) A D) A E) A and B and B and B and B and B must be at right angles to each other. could have any orientation relative to each other. must have equal lengths. must be parallel. could be antiparallel. Ans: A Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 33. Three vectors A , B , and C add together to yield zero: A + B + C = 0. The vectors A and C point in opposite directions and their magnitudes are related by the expression: A = 2C. Which one of the following conclusions is correct? A) A and B have equal magnitudes and point in opposite directions. B) B C) B and C have equal magnitudes and point in the same direction. and C have equal magnitudes and point in opposite directions. D) A and B point in the same direction, but A has twice the magnitude of B . E) B and C point in the same direction, but C has twice the magnitude of B . Ans: B Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 34. What is the angle between the vectors origin? A) 0° B) 90° C) 180° D) 270° E) 360° Ans: C Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 A and – A when they are drawn from a common 35. What is the minimum number of vectors with unequal magnitudes whose vector sum can be zero? A) two B) three C) four D) five E) six Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 36. What is the minimum number of vectors with equal magnitudes whose vector sum can be zero? A) two B) three C) four D) five E) six Ans: A Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 37. A physics student adds two displacement vectors with magnitudes of 8.0 km and 6.0 km. Which one of the following statements is true concerning the magnitude of the resultant displacement? A) It must be 10.0 km. B) It must be 14.0 km. C) It could be equal to zero kilometers, depending on how the vectors are oriented. D) No conclusion can be reached without knowing the directions of the vectors. E) It could have any value between 2.0 km and 14.0 km depending on how the vectors are oriented. Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 38. A student adds two displacement vectors with magnitudes of 6.0 m and 8.0 m, respectively. Which one of the following could not be a possible choice for the resultant? A) 2.3 m B) 6.6 m C) 10.0 m D) 12.8 m E) 14.8 m Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 39. Two displacement vectors of magnitudes 21 cm and 79 cm are added. Which one of the following is the only possible choice for the magnitude of the resultant? A) 0 cm B) 28 cm C) 37 cm D) 82 cm E) 114 cm Ans: D Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 40. Which expression is false concerning the vectors shown in the sketch? A) C = A + B B) C + A = –B C) A + B + C = 0 D) C A + B E) A 2 + B 2 = C 2 Ans: A Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 41. City A lies 30 km directly south of city B. A bus, beginning at city A travels 50 km at 37° north of east to reach city C. How far and in what direction must the bus go from city C to reach city B? A) 20 km, west B) 40 km, west C) 80 km, west D) 40 km, east E) 80 km, east Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 42. Town A lies 20 km north of town B. Town C lies 13 km west of town A. A small plane flies directly from town B to town C. What is the displacement of the plane? A) 33 km, 33° north of west B) 19 km, 33° north of west C) 24 km, 57° north of west D) 31 km, 57° north of west E) 6.6 km, 40° north of west Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 43. A runaway dog walks 0.64 km due north. He then runs due west to a hot dog stand. If the magnitude of the dog's total displacement vector is 0.91 km, what is the magnitude of the dog's displacement vector in the due west direction? A) 0.27 km B) 0.33 km C) 0.41 km D) 0.52 km E) 0.65 km Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 44. An escaped convict runs 1.70 km due east of the prison. He then runs due north to a friend's house. If the magnitude of the convict's total displacement vector is 2.50 km, what is the direction of his total displacement vector with respect to due east? A) 43° south of east B) 47° north of east C) 56° north of east D) 34° south of east E) 34° north of east Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 45. Four members of the Main Street Bicycle Club meet at a certain intersection on Main Street. The members then start from the same location, but travel in different directions. A short time later, displacement vectors for the four members are: A = 2.0 km, east; B = 5.2 km, north; C = 4.9 km, west; D = 3.0 km, south What is the resultant displacement R of the members of the bicycle club: R = A + B + C + D ? A) 0.8 km, south B) 0.4 km, 45° south of east C) 3.6 km, 37° north of west D) 4.0 km, east E) 4.0 km, south Ans: C Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 46. A force, F1 , of magnitude 2.0 N and directed due east is exerted on an object. A second force exerted on the object is F2 = 2.0 N, due north. What is the magnitude and direction of a third force, F3 , which must be exerted on the object so that the resultant force is zero? A) 1.4 N, 45° north of east B) 1.4 N, 45° south of west C) 2.8 N, 45° north of east D) 2.8 N, 45° south of west E) 4.0 N, 45° east of north Ans: D Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 47. A sailboat leaves a harbor and sails 1.8 km in the direction 65° south of east, where the captain stops for lunch. A short time later, the boat sails 1.1 km in the direction 15° north of east. What is the magnitude of the resultant displacement from the harbor? A) 2.3 km B) 1.5 km C) 2.9 km D) 1.2 km E) 0.59 km Ans: A Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-6 and 1-7 48. Three vectors A , B , and C have the following x and y components: Ax = 1 m, Ay = 0 m, Bx = 1 m, By = 1 m, Cx = 0 m, Cy = –1 m According to the graph, how are A , B , and C combined to result in the vector D ? A) D = A B) D = A C) D = A D) D = A – B – C – B + C + B – C + B + C E) D = – A + B + C Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 49. A displacement vector has a magnitude of 810 m and points at an angle of 18° above the positive x axis. What are the x and y scalar components of this vector? x scalar component y scalar component A) 770 m 250 m B) 560 m 585 m C) 585 m 560 m D) 250 m 750 m E) 713 m 385 m Ans: A Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-7 50. Which one of the following statements concerning vectors and scalars is false? A) In calculations, the vector components of a vector may be used in place of the vector itself. B) It is possible to use vector components that are not perpendicular. C) A scalar component may be either positive or negative. D) A vector that is zero may have components other than zero. E) Two vectors are equal only if they have the same magnitude and direction. Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-7 51. A displacement vector is 23 km in length and directed 65° south of east. What are the components of this vector? Eastward Component Southward Component A) 21 km 9.7 km B) 23 km 23 km C) 23 km 0 km D) 9.7 km 21 km E) 0 km 23 km Ans: D Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-7 52. The x and y components of a displacement vector are –3.00 m and +4.00 m, respectively. What angle does this vector make with the positive x axis? A) 233° B) 127° C) –53.0° D) 53.0° E) 37.0° Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-7 53. A race car will make one lap around a circular track of radius R. When the car has traveled halfway around the track, what is the magnitude of the car's displacement from the starting point? A) 2R B) R C) R D) 2R E) zero meters Ans: A Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-7 54. A bug crawls 2.25 m along the base of a wall. Upon reaching a corner, the bug's direction of travel changes from south to west. The bug then crawls 3.15 m before stopping. What is the magnitude of the bug's displacement? A) 5.40 m B) 2.72 m C) 3.87 m D) 4.11 m E) 3.29 m Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-5 and 1-6 55. During the execution of a play, a football player carries the ball for a distance of 33 m in the direction 58° north of east. To determine the number of meters gained on the play, find the northward component of the ball's displacement. A) 8.0 m B) 16 m C) 24 m D) 28 m E) 32 m Ans: D Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-7 56. A bird flies 25.0 m in the direction 55° east of south to its nest on a cliff. The bird then flies 75.0 m in the direction 55° west of north to the top of a tree. What are the northward and westward components of the resultant displacement of the bird from its nest? northward westward A) 29 m 41 m B) 41 m 29 m C) 35 m 35 m D) 81 m 57 m E) 57 m Ans: A 81 m Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-7 57. Use the component method of vector addition to find the resultant of the following three vectors: A = 56 km, east B = 11 km, 22° south of east C = 88 km, 44° west of south A) 81 km, 14° west of south B) 97 km, 62° south of east C) 52 km, 66° south of east D) 68 km, 86° south of east E) 66 km, 7.1° west of south Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-8 58. Use the component method of vector addition to find the components of the resultant of the four displacements shown in the figure. The magnitudes of the displacements are: A = 2.25 cm, B = 6.35 cm, C = 5.47 cm, and D = 4.19 cm. x component y component A) 2.19 cm –6.92 cm B) 3.71 cm –1.09 cm C) 5.45 cm –2.82 cm D) 1.09 cm –3.71 cm E) Ans: 6.93 cm E –2.19 cm Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 1-8 59. A vector F1 has a magnitude of 40.0 units and points 35.0° above the positive x axis. A second vector F2 has a magnitude of 65.0 units and points in the negative x direction. Use the component method of vector addition to find the magnitude and direction, relative to the positive x axis, of the resultant F = F1 + F2 . A) 53.3 units, 141.8° relative to the +x axis B) 53.3 units, 52.1° relative to the +x axis C) 39.6 units, 144.6° relative to the +x axis D) 39.6 units, 54.6° relative to the +x axis E) 46.2 units, 136.0° relative to the +x axis Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 1-8 60. Two vectors A and B , are added together to form the vector C = A + B . The relationship between the magnitudes of these vectors is given by: Cx = A cos 30° + B and Cy = – A sin 30°. Which statement best describes the orientation of these vectors? A) A points in the negative x direction while B points in the positive y direction. B) A points in the negative y direction while B points in the positive x direction. C) A D) A E) A points 30° below the positive x axis while B points 30° above the positive x axis while B points 30° above the negative x axis while B points in the positive x direction. points in the positive x direction. points in the positive x direction. Ans: C Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 1-8 61. Which one of the following answers would give the correct number of significant figures when the following masses are added together: 3.6 kg, 113 kg, and 4.19 kg? A) 121 kg B) 120.8 kg C) 120.79 kg D) 1.20 × 102 kg E) 120.8 × 103 kg Ans: A Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Additional Problems 62. A physics text has 544 sheets (1088 pages) and is 34.3 millimeters thick between the inside front cover and the inside back cover. What is the thickness of a single sheet? A) 6.36 × 10–4 m B) 3.16 × 10–2 m C) 6.28 × 10–3 m D) 7.24 × 10–6 m E) 6.31 × 10–5 m Ans: E Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Additional Problems 63. Justine and her friends exit the physics classroom and walk 0.70 km to their math class. While walking, Justine's average step length is 58 cm. Approximately, how many steps does she take in walking between these two classes? A) 310 B) 720 C) 1200 D) 3100 E) 7200 Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems Reference: Ref 1-1 Two vectors, A and B , are added together to form the vector C = A + B . The relationship between the magnitudes of these vectors is given by: Cx = 0 Cy = A sin 60° + B sin 30° Ax and Ay point in the positive x and y directions, respectively. 64. Which one of the following statements best describes the orientation of vectors A and B ? A) A and B point in opposite directions. B) A C) A D) A E) A points 60° above the positive x axis while B points 60° above the negative x axis while B points 60° below the positive x axis while B points 60° below the positive x axis while B points 30° above the negative x axis. points 30° above the positive x axis. points 30° above the positive y axis. points 30° below the positive y axis. Ans: B Refer To: Ref 1-1 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems 65. How does the magnitude of A A) A = B B) A = 1.7B C) A = 0.4B D) A = 0.5B E) A = 0.7B Ans: B Refer To: Ref 1-1 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems compare with that of B ? Reference: Ref 1-2 The table gives the x and y components of two vectors A and B : Vector x component y component A +15 units +10 units B +15 units –10 units 66. Which one of the following statements concerning these vectors is true? A) The vector A – B has no x component. B) The two vectors have different magnitudes. C) A makes a 56° angle with the positive x axis. D) B makes a 34° angle with the positive y axis. E) The vector A + B makes a 34° angle with the positive x axis. Ans: A Refer To: Ref 1-2 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems 67. Determine the magnitude of the vector sum, A A) 5 units B) 15 units C) 20 units D) 30 units E) 50 units Ans: D Refer To: Ref 1-2 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems + B . 68. Determine the magnitude of the vector difference, A) 5 units B) 15 units C) 20 units D) 30 units E) 50 units Ans: C Refer To: Ref 1-2 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems Reference: Ref 1-3 A – B . A boat radioed a distress call to a Coast Guard station. At the time of the call, a vector A from the station to the boat had a magnitude of 45.0 km and was directed 15.0° east of north. A vector from the station to the point where the boat was later found is B = 30.0 km, 15.0° north of east. 69. What are the components of the vector from the point where the distress call was made to the point where the boat was found? In other words, what are the components of vector C = B – A ? x component y component A) 35.7 km, west 17.4 km, north B) 40.6 km, east 51.2 km, south C) 17.3 km, west 51.2 km, south D) 40.6 km, east 35.7 km, north E) 17.3 km, east 35.7 km, south Ans: E Refer To: Ref 1-3 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems 70. How far did the boat travel from the point where the distress call was made to the point where the boat was found? In other words, what is the magnitude of vector C ? A) 65.3 km B) 39.7 km C) 26.5 km D) 54.0 km E) 42.5 km Ans: B Refer To: Ref 1-3 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Difficulty Information Field: SectionDef Highest Answer Letter: E Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No Chapter: Chapter 2 Multiple Choice 1. A particle travels along a curved path between two points P and Q as shown. The displacement of the particle does not depend on A) the location of P. B) the location of Q. C) the distance traveled from P to Q. D) the shortest distance between P and Q. E) the direction of Q from P. Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 2. For which one of the following situations will the path length equal the magnitude of the displacement? A) A toy train is traveling around a circular track. B) A ball is rolling down an inclined plane. C) A train travels 5 miles east before it stops. It then travels 2 miles west. D) A ball rises and falls after being thrown straight up from the earth's surface. E) A ball on the end of a string is moving in a vertical circle. Ans: B Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 3. Which one of the physical quantities listed below is not correctly paired with its SI unit and dimension? Quantity Unit Dimension A) velocity m/s [L]/[T] B) path length m [L] C) speed m/s [L]/[T] D) displacement m/s2 [L]/[T]2 E) speed × time m [L] Ans: D Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 4. A car travels in a straight line covering a total distance of 90.0 miles in 60.0 minutes. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is necessarily true? A) The velocity of the car is constant. B) The acceleration of the car must be non-zero. C) The first 45 miles must have been covered in 30.0 minutes. D) The speed of the car must be 90.0 miles per hour throughout the entire trip. E) The average velocity of the car is 90.0 miles per hour in the direction of motion. Ans: E Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 5. At time t = 0 s, an object is observed at x = 0 m; and its position along the x axis follows this expression: x = –4t + t 2 , where the units for distance and time are meters and seconds, respectively. What is the object's displacement x between t = 1.0 s and t = 3.0 s? A) 0 m B) –21 m C) +10 m D) +2 m E) –5 m Ans: A Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 Reference: Ref 2-1 Peter noticed a bug crawling along a meter stick and decided to record the bug's position in fivesecond intervals. After the bug crawled off the meter stick, Peter created the table shown. 6. What is the displacement of the bug between t = 0.00 s and t = 20.0 s? A) +39.9 cm B) –39.9 cm C) +65.7 cm D) –16.1 cm E) +16.1 cm Ans: E Refer To: Ref 2-1 Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 7. What is the total distance that the bug traveled between t = 0.00 s and t = 20.0 s? Assume the bug only changed directions at the end of a five-second interval. A) 39.9 cm B) 65.7 cm C) 16.1 cm D) 47.1 cm E) 26.5 cm Ans: A Refer To: Ref 2-1 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 8. In the process of delivering mail, a postal worker walks 161 m, due east from his truck. He then turns around and walks 194 m, due west from his truck. What is the worker's displacement relative to his truck? A) 33 m, due west B) 33 m, due east C) 194 m, due west D) 252 m, due east E) 355 m, due west Ans: A Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 9. A Canadian goose flew 845 km from Southern California to Oregon with an average speed of 28.0 m/s. How long, in hours, did it take the goose to make this journey? A) 27.7 h B) 8.33 h C) 66.1 h D) 7.70 h E) 8.38 h Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 10. When the outdoor emergency warning siren at Cheryl's school was tested, the sound from the siren took 7.0 s to reach her house located 2.40 km from the school. What is the speed of sound in air? A) 240 m/s B) 340 m/s C) 440 m/s D) 540 m/s E) 640 m/s Ans: B Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 11. A bus leaves New York City, takes a non-direct route and arrives in St. Louis, Missouri 23 hours, 16 minutes later. If the distance between the two cities is 1250 km, what is the magnitude of the bus' average velocity? A) 37.2 km/h B) 41.4 km/h C) 46.0 km/h D) 53.7 km/h E) 58.1 km/h Ans: D Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 12. Alexa's hair grows with an average speed of 3.5 × 10–9m/s. How long does it take her hair to grow 0.30 m? Note: 1 yr = 3.156 × 107 s. A) 1.9 yr B) 1.3 yr C) 0.37 yr D) 5.4 yr E) 2.7 yr Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 13. Carl Lewis set a world record for the 100.0-m run with a time of 9.86 s. If, after reaching the finish line, Mr. Lewis walked directly back to his starting point in 90.9 s, what is the magnitude of his average velocity for the 200.0 m? A) 0 m/s B) 1.10 m/s C) 1.98 m/s D) 5.60 m/s E) 10.1 m/s Ans: A Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 14. During the first 18 minutes of a 1.0-hour trip, a car has an average speed of 11 m/s. What must the average speed of the car be during the last 42 minutes of the trip be if the car is to have an average speed of 21 m/s for the entire trip? A) 21 m/s B) 23 m/s C) 25 m/s D) 27 m/s E) 29 m/s Ans: C Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 15. A turtle takes 3.5 minutes to walk 18 m toward the south along a deserted highway. A truck driver stops and picks up the turtle. The driver takes the turtle to a town 1.1 km to the north with an average speed of 12 m/s. What is the magnitude of the average velocity of the turtle for its entire journey? A) 3.6 m/s B) 9.8 m/s C) 6.0 m/s D) 2.6 m/s E) 11 m/s Ans: A Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 Reference: Ref 2-2 A racecar, traveling at constant speed, makes one lap around a circular track of radius r in a time t. Note: The circumference of a circle is given by C = 2r. 16. When the car has traveled halfway around the track, what is the magnitude of its displacement from the starting point? A) r B) 2r C) r D) 2r E) zero meters Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-2 Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 17. What is the average speed of the car for one complete lap? r A) t 2r B) t r C) t 2r D) t E) zero meters/second Ans: D Refer To: Ref 2-2 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 18. Determine the magnitude of the average velocity of the car for one complete lap. r A) t 2r B) t r C) t 2r D) t E) zero meters/second Ans: E Refer To: Ref 2-2 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 19. Which one of the following statements concerning this car is true? A) The displacement of the car does not change with time. B) The instantaneous velocity of the car is constant. C) The average speed of the car is the same over any time interval. D) The average velocity of the car is the same over any time interval. E) The average speed of the car over any time interval is equal to the magnitude of the average velocity over the same time interval. Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-2 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-1 and 2-2 20. In which one of the following situations does the car have a westward acceleration? A) The car travels westward at constant speed. B) The car travels eastward and speeds up. C) The car travels westward and slows down. D) The car travels eastward and slows down. E) The car starts from rest and moves toward the east. Ans: D Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-3 21. An elevator is moving upward with a speed of 11 m/s. Three seconds later, the elevator is still moving upward, but its speed has been reduced to 5.0 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the elevator during the 3.0 s interval? A) 2.0 m/s2 , upward B) 2.0 m/s2 , downward C) 5.3 m/s2 , upward D) 5.3 m/s2 , downward E) 2.7 m/s2 , downward Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-3 22. A landing airplane makes contact with the runway with a speed of 75.0 m/s and moves toward the south. After 18.5 seconds, the airplane comes to rest. What is the average acceleration of the airplane during the landing? A) 2.11 m/s2 , north B) 2.11 m/s2 , south C) 4.05 m/s2 , north D) 4.05 m/s2 , south E) 14.3 m/s2 , north Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-3 23. A pitcher delivers a fast ball with a velocity of 43 m/s to the south. The batter hits the ball and gives it a velocity of 51 m/s to the north. What was the average acceleration of the ball during the 1.0 ms when it was in contact with the bat? A) 4.3 × 104m/s2 , south B) 5.1 × 104m/s2 , north C) 9.4 × 104m/s2 , north D) 2.2 × 103m/s2 , south E) 7.0 × 103m/s2 , north Ans: C Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-3 24. A car is moving at a constant velocity when it is involved in a collision. The car comes to rest after 0.450 s with an average acceleration of 60.0 m/s2 in the direction opposite that of the car's velocity. What was the speed, in km/h, of the car before the collision? A) 29.2 km/h B) 44.8 km/h C) 97.2 km/h D) 105 km/h E) 144 km/h Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-3 25. A train with a constant velocity of +28.6 m/s approaches a small town. The operator applies the brake, reducing the train's velocity to +11.4 m/s. If the average acceleration of the train during braking is –1.35 m/s2 , for what elapsed time does the operator apply the brake? A) 8.44 s B) 12.7 s C) 3.38 s D) 5.92 s E) 10.4 s Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-3 26. Which one of the following is not a vector quantity? A) acceleration B) average speed C) displacement D) average velocity E) instantaneous velocity Ans: B Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-1, Section 2-2, and Section 2-3 27. In which one of the following cases is the displacement of the object directly proportional to the elapsed time? A) a ball rolls with constant velocity B) a ball at rest is given a constant acceleration C) a ball rolling with velocity vo is given a constant acceleration D) a bead falling through oil experiences a decreasing acceleration E) a rocket fired from the earth's surface experiences an increasing acceleration Ans: A Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-2 and Section 2-3 x  v t  1 at 2 28. Which one of the following statements must be true if the expression used? A) x is constant. B) v is constant. C) t is constant. D) a is constant. E) Both v0 and t are constant. Ans: D Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 2 is to be 29. Starting from rest, a particle confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 5.0 m/s2 . Which one of the following statements accurately describes the motion of this particle? A) The particle travels 5.0 m during each second. B) The particle travels 5.0 m only during the first second. C) The speed of the particle increases by 5.0 m/s during each second. D) The acceleration of the particle increases by 5.0 m/s2 during each second. E) The final speed of the particle will be proportional to the distance that the particle covers. Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 30. Which one of the following situations is not possible? A) A body has zero velocity and non-zero acceleration. B) A body travels with a northward velocity and a northward acceleration. C) A body travels with a northward velocity and a southward acceleration. D) A body travels with a constant velocity and a time-varying acceleration. 0 E) A body travels with a constant acceleration and a time-varying velocity. Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 31. A truck accelerates from rest at point A with constant acceleration of magnitude a and, subsequently, passes points B and C as shown in the figure. The distance between points B and C is x, and the time required for the truck to travel from B to C is t. Which expression determines the average speed of the truck between the points B and C? A) v 2 = 2ax v  x B) t C) v = xt v  1 at2 D) 2 E) v = at Ans: B Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 32. Two objects A and B accelerate from rest with the same constant acceleration. Object A accelerates for twice as much time as object B, however. Which one of the following statements is true concerning these objects at the end of their respective periods of acceleration? A) Object A will travel twice as far as object B. B) Object A will travel four times as far as object B. C) Object A will travel eight times further than object B. D) Object A will be moving four times faster than object B. E) Object A will be moving eight times faster than object B. Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 33. Two cars travel along a level highway. It is observed that the distance between the cars is increasing. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is necessarily true? A) The velocity of each car is increasing. B) At least one of the cars has a non-zero acceleration. C) The leading car has the greater acceleration. D) The trailing car has the smaller acceleration. E) Both cars could be accelerating at the same rate. Ans: E Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 34. A car, starting from rest, accelerates in a straight-line path at a constant rate of 2.0 m/s2 . How far will the car travel in 12 seconds? A) 180 m B) 144 m C) 6 m D) 24 m E) 288 m Ans: B Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 35. An object moving along a straight line is decelerating. Which one of the following statements concerning the object's acceleration is necessarily true? A) The value of the acceleration is positive. B) The direction of the acceleration is in the same direction as the displacement. C) An object that is decelerating has a negative acceleration. D) The direction of the acceleration is in the direction opposite to that of the velocity. E) The acceleration changes as the object moves along the line. Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 36. A car starts from rest and accelerates at a constant rate in a straight line. In the first second the car moves a distance of 2.0 meters. How fast will the car be moving at the end of the second second? A) 4.0 m/s B) 16 m/s C) 2.0 m/s D) 32 m/s E) 8.0 m/s Ans: E Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 37. A car starts from rest and accelerates at a constant rate in a straight line. In the first second the car moves a distance of 2.0 meters. How much additional distance will the car move during the second second of its motion? A) 2.0 m B) 4.0 m C) 6.0 m D) 8.0 m E) 13 m Ans: C Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 38. A car is initially traveling at 50.0 km/h. The brakes are applied and the car stops over a distance of 35 m. What was magnitude of the car's acceleration while it was braking? A) 2.8 m/s2 B) 5.4 m/s2 C) 36 m/s2 D) 71 m/s2 E) 9.8 m/s2 Ans: A Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 39. The minimum takeoff speed for a certain airplane is 75 m/s. What minimum acceleration is required if the plane must leave a runway of length 1050 m? Assume the plane starts from rest at one end of the runway. A) 1.5 m/s2 B) 3.0 m/s2 C) 4.5 m/s2 D) 6.0 m/s2 E) 2.7 m/s2 Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 40. A car traveling along a road begins accelerating with a constant acceleration of 1.5 m/s2 in the direction of motion. After traveling 392 m at this acceleration, its speed is 35 m/s. Determine the speed of the car when it began accelerating. A) 1.5 m/s B) 7.0 m/s C) 34 m/s D) 49 m/s E) 2.3 m/s Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 41. A train with a constant speed of 16 m/s passes through a town. After leaving the town, the train accelerates at 0.33 m/s2 until it reaches a speed of 35 m/s. How far did the train travel while it was accelerating? A) 0.029 km B) 0.53 km C) 1.5 km D) 2.3 km E) 3.0 km Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 42. A cheetah is walking at a speed of 1.15 m/s when it observes a gazelle 43.0 m directly ahead. If the cheetah accelerates at 9.25 m/s2 , how long does it take the cheetah to reach the gazelle if the gazelle doesn't move? A) 4.29 s B) 3.67 s C) 3.05 s D) 1.94 s E) 2.93 s Ans: E Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 43. A body initially at rest is accelerated at a constant rate for 5.0 seconds in the positive x direction. If the final speed of the body is 20.0 m/s, what was the body's acceleration? A) 0.25 m/s2 B) 2.0 m/s2 C) 4.0 m/s2 D) 9.8 m/s2 E) 1.6 m/s2 Ans: C Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 44. A race car has a speed of 80 m/s when the driver releases a drag parachute. If the parachute causes a deceleration of –4 m/s2 , how far will the car travel before it stops? A) 20 m B) 200 m C) 400 m D) 800 m E) 1000 m Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 45. A car is stopped at a red traffic light. When the light turns to green, the car has a constant acceleration and crosses the 9.10-m intersection in 2.86 s. What is the magnitude of the car's acceleration? A) 1.77 m/s2 B) 2.98 m/s2 C) 2.23 m/s2 D) 7.36 m/s2 E) 9.80 m/s2 Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 Reference: Ref 2-3 An object starts from rest and accelerates uniformly in a straight line in the positive x direction. After 11 seconds, its speed is 70.0 m/s. 46. Determine the acceleration of the object. A) +3.5 m/s2 B) +6.4 m/s2 C) –3.5 m/s2 D) –6.4 m/s2 E) +7.7 m/s2 Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-3 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 47. How far does the object travel during the first 11 seconds? A) 35 m B) 77 m C) 390 m D) 590 m E) 770 m Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-3 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 48. What is the average velocity of the object during the first 11 seconds? A) +3.6 m/s B) +6.4 m/s C) +35 m/s D) +72 m/s E) –140 m/s Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-3 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-4 and Section 2-5 49. Ball A is dropped from rest from a window. At the same instant, ball B is thrown downward; and ball C is thrown upward from the same window. Which statement concerning the balls after their release is necessarily true if air resistance is neglected? A) At some instant after it is thrown, the acceleration of ball C is zero. B) All three balls strike the ground at the same time. C) All three balls have the same velocity at any instant. D) All three balls have the same acceleration at any instant. E) All three balls reach the ground with the same velocity. Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 50. A ball is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth. Consider the following quantities: (1) the speed of the ball; (2) the velocity of the ball; (3) the acceleration of the ball. Which of these is (are) zero when the ball has reached the maximum height? A) 1 and 2 only B) 1 and 3 only C) 1 only D) 2 only E) 1, 2, and 3 Ans: A Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-6 51. A ball is thrown vertically upward from the surface of the earth. The ball rises to some maximum height and falls back toward the surface of the earth. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true if air resistance is neglected? A) As the ball rises, its acceleration vector points upward. B) The ball is a freely falling body for the duration of its flight. C) The acceleration of the ball is zero when the ball is at its highest point. D) The speed of the ball is negative while the ball falls back toward the earth. E) The velocity and acceleration of the ball always point in the same direction. Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 52. A brick is dropped from rest from a height of 4.9 m. How long does it take the brick to reach the ground? A) 0.6 s B) 1.0 s C) 1.2 s D) 1.4 s E) 2.0 s Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 53. A ball is dropped from rest from a tower and strikes the ground 110 m below. Approximately how many seconds does it take the ball to strike the ground after being dropped? Neglect air resistance. A) 2.50 s B) 3.50 s C) 4,74 s D) 12.5 s E) 16.0 s Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 54. Water drips from rest from a leaf that is 15 meters above the ground. Neglecting air resistance, what is the speed of each water drop when it hits the ground? A) 30 m/s B) 17 m/s C) 40 m/s D) 15 m/s E) 20 m/s Ans: B Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 55. Ryan throws a tennis ball vertically upward. The ball returns to the point of release after 3.5 s. What is the speed of the ball as it is released? A) 0 m/s B) 14 m/s C) 17 m/s D) 21 m/s E) 34 m/s Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 56. A rock is dropped from rest from a height h above the ground. It falls and hits the ground with a speed of 11 m/s. From what height should the rock be dropped so that its speed on hitting the ground is 22 m/s? Neglect air resistance. A) 1.4h B) 2.0h C) 3.0h D) 4.0h E) 0.71h Ans: D Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-6 57. A hammer is accidentally dropped from rest down a vertical mine shaft. How long does it take for the rock to reach a depth of 79 m? Neglect air resistance. A) 2.8 s B) 9.0 s C) 8.0 s D) 4.9 s E) 4.0 s Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 58. Neglecting air resistance, what maximum height will be reached by an arrow launched straight upward with an initial speed of 35 m/s? A) 98 m B) 160 m C) 41 m D) 63 m E) 18 m Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 Reference: Ref 2-4 A ball is shot straight up from the surface of the earth with an initial speed of 19.6 m/s. Neglect any effects due to air resistance. 59. What is the magnitude of the ball's displacement from the starting point after 1.00 second has elapsed? A) 9.80 m B) 14.7 m C) 19.6 m D) 24.5 m E) 58.8 m Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-4 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 60. What maximum height will the ball reach? A) 9.80 m B) 14.7 m C) 19.6 m D) 24.5 m E) 58.8 m Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-4 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 61. How much time elapses between the throwing of the ball and its return to the original launch point? A) 4.00 s B) 2.00 s C) 12.0 s D) 8.00 s E) 16.0 s Ans: A Refer To: Ref 2-4 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-6 Reference: Ref 2-5 A tennis ball is shot vertically upward in an evacuated chamber inside a tower with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s at time t = 0 s. 62. How high does the ball rise? A) 10.2 m B) 20.4 m C) 40.8 m D) 72.4 m E) 98.0 m Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-5 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 63. Approximately how long does it take the tennis ball to reach its maximum height? A) 0.50 s B) 2.04 s C) 4.08 s D) 6.08 s E) 9.80 s Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-5 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-6 64. Determine the velocity of the ball at t = 3.00 seconds. A) 9.40 m/s, downward B) 9.40 m/s, upward C) 29.4 m/s, downward D) 38.8 m/s, upward E) 38.8 m/s, downward Ans: A Refer To: Ref 2-5 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-6 65. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the ball when it is at its highest point? A) zero m/s2 B) 9.80 m/s2 C) 19.6 m/s2 D) 4.90 m/s2 E) 3.13 m/s2 Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-5 Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-6 66. Starting from rest, a particle that is confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 5.0 m/s2 . Which statement concerning the slope of the position versus time graph for this particle is true? A) The slope has a constant value of 5.0 m/s. B) The slope has a constant value of 5.0 m/s2 . C) The slope is both constant and negative. D) The slope is not constant and increases with increasing time. E) The slope is not constant and decreases with increasing time. Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 67. The graph shows the height versus time of an object. Estimate the instantaneous velocity, in m/s, of the object at time t = 15 min. A) 0.90 m/s B) 0.70 m/s C) 0.50 m/s D) 0.30 m/s E) 0.10 m/s Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 Reference: Ref 2-6 An object is moving along the x axis. The graph shows its position from the starting point as a function of time. Various segments of the graph are identified by the letters A, B, C, and D. 68. During which interval(s) is(are) the object moving in the negative x direction? A) during interval B only B) during intervals B and C C) during intervals C and D D) during intervals B and D E) during intervals B, C, and D Ans: A Refer To: Ref 2-6 Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-7 69. What is the velocity of the object at t = 7.0 s? A) +3.0 m/s B) –1.0 m/s C) –2.0 m/s D) –3.0 m/s E) zero m/s Ans: D Refer To: Ref 2-6 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 70. What is the acceleration of the object at t = 7.0 s? A) zero m/s2 C B B) –2.0 m/s2 C) –3.0 m/s2 D) +9.8 m/s2 E) +4.0 m/s2 Ans: A Refer To: Ref 2-6 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 Reference: Ref 2-7 An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's position from the starting point as a function of time. 40 D 30 20 10 A E 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time (s) 71. In which segment(s) of the graph does the object's average velocity (measured from t = 0 s) decrease with time? A) AB only B) BC only C) DE only D) AB and CD E) BC and DE Ans: E Refer To: Ref 2-7 Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-7 position (m) 72. What was the instantaneous velocity of the object at t = 4 s? A) +6 m/s B) +8 m/s C) +10 m/s D) +20 m/s E) +40 m/s Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-7 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 73. In which segment or segments of the graph does the object have the highest speed? A) AB B) BC C) CD D) DE E) AB and CD Ans: D Refer To: Ref 2-7 Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-7 74. At which time or times does the object reverse its direction of motion? A) 1 s and 2 s B) 2 s and 5 s C) 1 s D) 2 s E) 5 s Ans: E Refer To: Ref 2-7 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 Reference: Ref 2-8 An object is moving along a straight line. The graph shows the object's velocity as a function of time. 20 15 10 5 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 time (s) 75. During which interval(s) of the graph does the object travel equal distances in equal times? A) 0 s to 2 s B) 2 s to 3 s C) 3 s to 5 s D) 0 s to 2 s and 3 s to 5 s E) 0 s to 2 s, 3 to 5 s, and 5 to 6 s Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-8 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 76. During which interval(s) of the graph does the speed of the object increase by equal amounts in equal times? A) 0 s to 2 s B) 2 s to 3 s C) 3 s to 5 s D) 0 s to 2 s and 3 s to 5 s E) 0 s to 2 s, 3 to 5 s, and 5 to 6 s Ans: D Refer To: Ref 2-8 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 2-7 velocity (m/s) 77. How far does the object move in the interval from t = 0 to t = 2 s? A) 7.5 m B) 10 m C) 15 m D) 20 m E) 25 m Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-8 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 78. What is the acceleration of the object in the interval from t = 5 s to t = 6 s? A) –40 m/s2 B) +40 m/s2 C) –20 m/s2 D) +20 m/s2 E) –10 m/s2 Ans: E Refer To: Ref 2-8 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 Reference: Ref 2-9 An object is moving along a straight line in the positive x direction. The graph shows its position from the starting point as a function of time. Various segments of the graph are identified by the letters A, B, C, and D. 10 5 0 5 10 25 30 time (s) 79. Which segment(s) of the graph represent(s) a constant velocity of +1.0 m/s? A) A B) B C) C D) D E) A and C Ans: D Refer To: Ref 2-9 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 2-7 80. What was the instantaneous velocity of the object at the end of the eighth second? A) +7.5 m/s B) +0.94 m/s C) –0.94 m/s D) +1.1 m/s E) zero m/s Ans: E Refer To: Ref 2-9 Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-7 81. During which interval(s) did the object move in the negative x direction? A) only during interval B B) only during interval C B A C position D (m) C) only during interval D D) during both intervals C and D E) The object never moved in the negative x direction. Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-9 Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 2-7 82. The rate at which the acceleration of an object changes with time is called a jerk. What is the dimension of the jerk? [L] A) [T] [L] B) [T]2 [L]2 C) [T]2 [L] D) [T]3 [L]2 E) [T]3 Ans: D Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems 83. In a race, Marcos runs 1.00 mile in 4.02 min, mounts a bicycle, and rides back to his starting point, which is also the finish line, in 3.02 min. What is the magnitude of Marcos' average velocity for the race? A) zero mi/h B) 12.1 mi/h C) 14.9 mi/h D) 17.0 mi/h E) 19.9 mi/h Ans: A Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems Reference: Ref 2-10 A automotive test driver travels due north in a prototype hybrid vehicle at 30 mi/h for 2 hours. She then reverses her direction and travels due south at 60 mi/h for 1 hour. 84. What is the average speed of the vehicle? A) zero mi/h B) 30 mi/h C) 40 mi/h D) 50 mi/h E) 60 mi/h Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-10 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems 85. What is the average velocity of the vehicle? A) zero mi/h B) 40 mi/h, north C) 40 mi/h, south D) 45 mi/h, north E) 45 mi/h, south Ans: A Refer To: Ref 2-10 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems Reference: Ref 2-11 Starting from rest, a particle confined to move along a straight line is accelerated at a rate of 4 m/s2 . 86. Which statement accurately describes the motion of the particle? A) The particle travels 4 meters during each second. B) The particle travels 4 meters during the first second only. C) The speed of the particle increases by 4 m/s during each second. D) The acceleration of the particle increases by 4 m/s2 during each second. E) The final velocity of the particle will be proportional to the distance that the particle covers. Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-11 Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Additional Problems 87. After 10 seconds, how far will the particle have traveled? A) 20 m B) 40 m C) 100 m D) 200 m E) 400 m Ans: D Refer To: Ref 2-11 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems 88. What is the speed of the particle after it has traveled 8 m? A) 4 m/s B) 8 m/s C) 30 m/s D) 60 m/s E) 100 m/s Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-11 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems Reference: Ref 2-12 A rock, dropped from rest near the surface of an atmosphere-free planet, attains a speed of 20.0 m/s after falling 8.0 meters. 89. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of this planet? A) 0.40 m/s2 B) 1.3 m/s2 C) 2.5 m/s2 D) 25 m/s2 E) 160 m/s2 Ans: D Refer To: Ref 2-12 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems 90. How long did it take the object to fall the 8.0 meters mentioned? A) 0.40 s B) 0.80 s C) 1.3 s D) 2.5 s E) 16 s Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-12 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems 91. How long would it take the object, falling from rest, to fall 16 m on this planet? A) 0.8 s B) 1.1 s C) 2.5 s D) 3.5 s E) 22 s Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-12 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems 92. Determine the speed of the object after falling from rest through 16 m on this planet. A) 28 m/s B) 32 m/s C) 56 m/s D) 64 m/s E) 320 m/s Ans: A Refer To: Ref 2-12 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems Reference: Ref 2-13 A brass ball is shot vertically upward from the surface of an atmosphere-free planet with an initial speed of 20.0 m/s. One second later, the ball has an instantaneous velocity in the upward direction of 15.0 m/s. 93. What is the magnitude of the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of this planet? A) 5.0 m/s2 B) 9.8 m/s2 C) 12 m/s2 D) 15 m/s2 E) 24 m/s2 Ans: A Refer To: Ref 2-13 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems 94. How long does it take the ball to reach its maximum height? A) 2.0 s B) 2.3 s C) 4.0 s D) 4.6 s E) 8.0 s Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-13 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems 95. How high does the ball rise? A) 70.0 m B) 10.0 m C) 50.0 m D) 20.0 m E) 40.0 m Ans: E Refer To: Ref 2-13 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems 96. Determine the velocity of the ball when it returns to its original position. Note: assume the upward direction is positive. A) +20 m/s B) –20 m/s C) +40 m/s D) –40 m/s E) zero m/s Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-13 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems 97. How long is the ball in the air when it returns to its original position? A) 4.0 s B) 4.6 s C) 8.0 s D) 9.2 s E) 16 s Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-13 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems Reference: Ref 2-14 A small object is released from rest and falls 1.00 × 102 feet near the surface of the earth. Neglect air resistance. 98. How long will it take to fall through the 1.00 × 102 feet mentioned? A) 2.49 s B) 3.12 s C) 4.50 s D) 6.25 s E) 10.0 s Ans: A Refer To: Ref 2-14 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems 99. Approximately how fast will the object be moving after falling through the 1.00 × 102 feet mentioned? A) 9.8 ft/s B) 40 ft/s C) 80 ft/s D) 160 ft/s E) 320 ft/s Ans: C Refer To: Ref 2-14 Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Additional Problems Reference: Ref 2-15 The figure shows the speed as a function of time for an object in free fall near the surface of the earth. The object was dropped from rest in a long evacuated cylinder. 100. Which one of the following statements best explains why the graph goes through the origin? A) The object was in a vacuum. B) The object was dropped from rest. C) The velocity of the object was constant. D) All v vs. t curves pass through the origin. E) The acceleration of the object was constant. Ans: B Refer To: Ref 2-15 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems 101. What is the numerical value of the slope of the line? A) 1.0 m/s2 B) 2.0 m/s2 C) 7.7 m/s2 D) 9.8 m/s2 E) This cannot be determined from the information given since the speed and time values are unknown. Ans: D Refer To: Ref 2-15 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems 102. What is the speed of the object 3.0 seconds after it is dropped? A) 3.0 m/s B) 7.7 m/s C) 9.8 m/s D) 29 m/s E) This cannot be determined since there is no specified value of height. Ans: D Refer To: Ref 2-15 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems 103. If the same object were released in air, the magnitude of its acceleration would begin at the free-fall value, but it would decrease continuously to zero as the object continued to fall. For which one of the choices given does the solid line best represent the speed of the object as a function of time when it is dropped from rest in air? Note: The dashed line shows the free-fall under vacuum graph for comparison. A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e Ans: E Refer To: Ref 2-15 Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Additional Problems Import Settings: Base Settings: Brownstone Default Information Field: Difficulty Information Field: SectionDef Highest Answer Letter: E Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No Chapter: Chapter 3 Multiple Choice 1. A park ranger wanted to measure the height of a tall tree. The ranger stood 9.50 m from the base of the tree; and he observed that his line of sight made an angle of 65.2° above the horizontal as he looked at the top of the tree. The park ranger's eyes are 1.80 m above the ground. What is the height of the tree? A) 5.84 m B) 8.77 m C) 11.7 m D) 17.3 m E) 22.4 m Ans: E Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 3-1 2. A toolbox is carried from the base of a ladder at point A as shown in the figure. The toolbox comes to a rest on a scaffold 5.0 m above the ground. What is the magnitude of the displacement of the toolbox in its movement from point A to point B? A) 15 m B) 19 m C) 8.1 m D) 11 m E) 13 m Ans: E Difficulty: Easy SectionDef: Section 3-1 3. A delivery truck leaves a warehouse and travels 2.60 km north. The truck makes a left turn and travels 1.25 km west before making a right turn to travel 1.40 km north to arrive at its destination. What is the magnitude and direction of the truck's displacement from the warehouse? A) 4.00 km, 18.2° north of west B) 5.25 km, 59.8° north of west C) 6.33 km, 70.2° north of west D) 3.40 km, 55.0° north of west E) 4.19 km, 72.6° north of west Ans: E Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 3-1 4. A car travels due east at 22 m/s. It makes a turn due south and continues to travel at 22 m/s. What is the change in velocity of the car? A) 22 m/s, due east B) 22 m/s, due south C) 31 m/s, 45° south of west D) 31 m/s, 45° south of east E) zero m/s Ans: C Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 3-1 5. A train travels due south at 60 m/s. It reverses its direction and travels due north at 60 m/s. What is the change in velocity of the train? A) 120 m/s, due north B) 120 m/s, due south C) 60 m/s, due north D) 60 m/s, due south E) zero m/s Ans: A Difficulty: Medium SectionDef: Section 3-1 6. A car travels along a highway with a velocity of 24 m/s, west. The car exits the highway; and 4.0 s later, its instantaneous velocity is 16 m/s, 45° north of west. What is the magnitude of the average acceleration of the car during the four-second interval? A) 2.4 m/s2 B) 4.3 m/s2 C) 1.2 m/s2 D) 11 m/s2 E) 17 m/s2 Ans: B Difficulty: Hard SectionDef: Section 3-1 7. A GPS tracking device is placed in a police dog to monitor its whereabouts relative to the police station. At time t1 = 23 min, the dog's displacement from the station is 1.2 km, 33° north of east. At time t2 = 57 min, the dog's displacement from the station is 2.0 km, 75° north of east. Find the magnitude and direction of the dog's average velocity between these two times.