Supervising Special Populations | 2026 Updated Health & Human Services Study Guide and Practice Material

In today's fast-paced educational landscape, students need reliable resources to excel in their studies. Quiz: Special Populations Ans: groups of inmates who exhibit unique mental, physical, or social needs that distinguish them from the general population Quiz: Racial societies Ans: hybrids of multiple racial groups and may not reflect a single race Quiz: Groups focused on religious practice Ans: may guide the inmate's daily activities such as praying five times a day, carrying a rosary, or fasting Quiz: Inmates with similar medical issues Ans: often commiserate in their own social group, sharing medical experiences and hardships Quiz: Geographical societies Ans: inmates from the same geographical region often group together. They use identifiers such as area code Quiz: Inmates from similar socio-economic groups Ans: will cluster and sometimes control certain activities within the population with money, contraband, and influence. Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: Security threat group Ans: a criminal enterprise or an organization of a continuing nature that engages repeatedly in acts of crime individually or collectively, and poses a safety or security threat within, as well as outside of a correctional facility Quiz: diffuse the power associated with being a "gang" member Ans: STG is a term officers use to remove any glamour from being a member of a criminal gang and to... Quiz: Traditional STGs Ans: have a documented history, a written set of laws or codes, and can have organizational structure Quiz: Non-traditional STGs Ans: do not fall under the criteria of traditional STG can be without laws or codes, but still have an organizational structure Quiz: Hybrid STGs Ans: form within schools, neighborhoods, or regions, and in youthful offender, juvenile, and adult correctional facilities Quiz: Transitional STGs Examstudy - Stuvia US Ans: members are individuals or a group of criminal gang members that come to prison and realign themselves with traditional and non-traditional STGs Quiz: Female STGs Ans: Can be members of a typical male STG or of an all-female STG. crime rate is low, but when a crime is committed it is often violent Quiz: Prison-based STGs Ans: originate within the prison system, as opposed to most STGs that begin as gangs outside of prison, predominantly base their operations within the prison system Quiz: Extremists STGs Ans: may act solo or as a group, follow extreme ideology such as faith or belief-based or anti-establishment, and can pose a significant security threat because they are usually very tight-knit, unpredictable and exclusive Quiz: STG code Ans: is a form of cryptic communication using written symbols and letters, broken by matching the letter with the symbol Quiz: Pyramid STG structure Ans: contains one individual, who is a strong leader, with at least two or more sublevels of command. Is usually the strongest and most organized structure and is common to the more traditional, national gangs Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: Linear STG structure Ans: contains a single leader representing each clique; however, the leaders do not answer to a higher command. The leaders will often meet to consult with one another, common to the more non-traditional or local street gangs Quiz: Flux or circular STG structure Ans: has a continually changing leadership. Stronger or more charismatic people enter this type of STG structure Quiz: Tagging Ans: Marking on a wall, ground or fence that identifies STG territory Quiz: recognizing, seizing Ans: An additional deterrent to STG activity is _________ and _______ STG contraband Quiz: Photograph Ans: ___________ the inmate's clothing, tattoos, and any other observable identifiers Quiz: photograph it, and report the information to the STG coordinator Ans: If you find tagging in the facility... Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: drug addiction Ans: The National Institute on Drug Use defines _______ _________ as "chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences Quiz: drugs change the brain Ans: drug addiction is a brain disease because... Quiz: Substance abuse Ans: is a pattern of substance use that leads to significant impairment or distress Quiz: the use of alcohol, narcotics, prescription medication, or the use of any drug without medical justification Ans: Drug addiction or substance use disorder can include... Quiz: detoxification Ans: ridding their bodies of a drugs Quiz: physical Ans: Withdrawal from some substances such as alcohol, opiates, and tranquilizers, produces a __________ withdrawal Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: emotional Ans: substances such as cocaine, marijuana, and ecstasy , produce a more __________ withdrawal Quiz: medical emergency and immediately notify your supervisor and medical staff Ans: Treat acute withdrawal symptoms as a... Quiz: self-harm Ans: Inmates that identify as substance abusers have a high potential to commit.... Quiz: the inmate can relocate to the general population Ans: When a physician, designee, or medical personnel determine that inmate is no longer posing a threat to him or herself or others.... Quiz: Mental Illness Ans: Impairment of mental or emotional processes that exercises the conscious control of one's actions. Impairs one's ability to perceive or understand reality Quiz: the protection of the person or others Ans: Procedures, facilities, vehicles, and restraining devices used for criminals do not apply to a person who has a mental illness, except for... Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: psychotic Ans: When an inmate is suffering from a ________ disorder, his or her thoughts seem disorganized and not logically connected Quiz: MDD (Major Depressive Disorder) Ans: is different from the brief, situational depressive episodes that most people commonly experience with the lose of a loved one. Is a clinically diagnosed mental illness for a person having multiple major depressive episodes Quiz: Bipolar disorder Ans: is a common mood disorder. A clinically diagnosed mental illness with alternating episodes of depression and mania Quiz: anxiety Ans: _________ disorder include excessive nervousness, tension, apprehension, "fight or flight" behavior, excessive fear, or anticipation of imminent danger, flashbacks, or ritualistic behavior such as excessive hand washing. Quiz: panic attack Ans: During a ______ ________, the person will likely experience rapid heartbeat, chest discomfort, seating, tension, trembling, choking, and feeling that something terrible is about to happen Quiz: panic disorder Examstudy - Stuvia US Ans: An inmate who has a ______ ______ can experience an extreme panic attack with racing heartbeat, sweating, tension, and a feeling that something terrible is about to happen Quiz: Obsessive compulsive disorder Ans: An inmate who has _________ _________ disorder has intrusive thoughts and impulses resulting in ritualistic behavior, such as an excessive need to count, excessively wash their hands, or an extreme need to avoid dirt Quiz: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Ans: lasting thoughts and memories of terror causing emotional numbness. A traumatic event such as war, natural disaster, sexual or physical assault, or the unexpected death of a loved one can cause this Quiz: Phobia Ans: an intense fear of a specific object or situation Quiz: Personality disorder Ans: a deeply ingrained, non-psychotic, inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving and behaving Quiz: you should not try to diagnose whether the inmate is faking a mental health disorder Ans: Inmates will often lie about their mental health status; however... Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: refer or escort the inmate to the mental health clinic and fully explain your observation to the mental health clinician Ans: If you have any doubts about an inmate's mental status... Quiz: unable to care for him or herself, or to protect the inmate from harming him or herself or others Ans: a law enforcement officer may take an inmate to a receiving facility for involuntary examination if you believe that the inmate has a mental illness, and beacuse of his or her mental illness, the inmate is... Quiz: Intellectual dsiability Ans: is a type of a developmental disability, a lifelong condition characterized by slow intellectual development Quiz: psychiatric medication Ans: An inmate with an intellectual disability will not benefit from taking _______ _______ Quiz: biological disease, chemical imbalance Ans: Mental illness is the result of _________ ________ or _________ ___________ in which brain chemistry does not work normally and requires medication to compensate for the imbalance Quiz: Disability Examstudy - Stuvia US Ans: a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one more more of the major life activities of an individual Quiz: physical impairment Ans: any physical disorder or condition, disfigurement, or anatomical loss affecting one more body systems Quiz: mental impairment Ans: any mental or psychological disorder such as intellectual disability, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities Quiz: American with Disabilities Act (ADA) Ans: Who provides guidelines for housing and monitoring disabled inmates? Quiz: reasonable accommodation Ans: refers to any modification or adjustment that will allow a qualified inmate with a disability to participate in the programs, services, or activities of an institution or facility Quiz: medical appliances Ans: Use the same search techniques and frequency with disabled inmates as with the general population, including searching their property and specifically issued ______ _______ Quiz: detachable parts Examstudy - Stuvia US Ans: Some of the medical appliances have ______ ______, which a disabled inmate can use as a weapon Quiz: passes Ans: Verify the validity of medically issued _______ that allow inmates to have medical appliances and additional medical supplies such as diapers and catheters Quiz: Chronic disease Ans: a long-lasting medical condition in which medicine can control the symptoms but not cure the disease Quiz: communicable Ans: ______________ disease transmits through direct contact with an infected individual or indirectly through such means as a biting insect or drinking glasses Quiz: the rights of the infected prisoners Ans: Communicable disease control policies must protect inmates from infection while not interfering with.... Quiz: terminally ill Ans: most facilities define inmates as __________ ___ if they are known to have a fatal disease and have fewer than six months to live Quiz: suicide Examstudy - Stuvia US Ans: Terminally ill inmates tend to cycle in and out of infirmaries and hospitals. Because terminally ill inmates experience increased anger and depression they are at increased risk of ______ Quiz: juvenile adjudication Ans: occurs when the court charges, sentences, judges as delinquent and commits a juvenile under the age of 18 years to to the Department of Juvenile Justice Quiz: Juvenile Inmate Ans: is an inmate who is not legally an adult or judged as an adult and whom the court may assign to the Department of Juvenile Justice Quiz: youthful offender, youthful offender Ans: ________ _________is any offender younger than the age of 24 years, who the court sentences as an adult or the Department of Corrections assigns __________ ________ status Quiz: -Court-Declared -Department-Designed -Department Declared -Young adult offender Ans: four basic ways that a juvenile can be remanded to the Department of Corrections as a juvenile Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: Court-declared remand Ans: (4 basic ways that a juvenile can be remanded) -Cannot be sentenced to prison for more than 6 years -must have been younger than 21 years of age on the date the sentence was imposed for offenses committed on or after 10/01/2008 -cannot have previously been classified as a youthful offender Quiz: Department-designated remand Ans: (4 basic ways that a juvenile can be remanded) -total length of prison sentence cannot exceed 10 years -the age of the offender cannot exceed 24 years _the individual cannot have previously been classified as a youthful offender Quiz: Department-declared remand Ans: (4 basic ways that a juvenile can be remanded) -not a youthful offender, but housed at a youthful offender facility by virtue of mental or physical vulnerability -mental or physical vulnerability would significantly jeopardize his or her safety in a non-youthful offender facility Quiz: Young adult offender remand Ans: (4 basic ways that a juvenile can be remanded) -Not a youthful offender, but housed at a youthful offender facility by virtue of age at the time of the crime and time of admission to prison Quiz: The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act Ans: Who sets the standards for state and local juvenile justice systems? Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: sight, sound Ans: Juveniles are housed from adult separately from adult inmates to prohibit ______ and ______ contact with incarcerated adults Quiz: 10 Ans: Supervising and monitoring juveniles includes physical observation and documented checks by facility supervisory staff at intervals no more than __ minutes Quiz: adult Ans: under no circumstances will a juvenile and an _______ be in the same cell Quiz: -an Extended Day program -educational program -vocational and job training -life and socialization skills training -pre-release orientation and planning -suitable transition services Ans: Juvenile inmates are required to participate in Quiz: elderly inmates Examstudy - Stuvia US Ans: are inmates 50 years of age and over, however their life experiences prior to and while in prison can contribute to a lower life expectancy Quiz: Dementia, Alzheimer's Ans: _______ and _______are organic, progressive mental disorders characterized by loss of memory, impairment of judgement and abstract thinking, and changes in personality Quiz: Sundowner's Syndrome Ans: Inmates who exhibit _________ __________ become active after dark, have a tendency to wander, and may exhibit mood swings or become demanding, suspicious, or disorientated Quiz: Dementia Ans: ________ is a deterioration in memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday activities; however , it is not normal part of aging Quiz: female Ans: __________ inmates are the fastest growing criminal population Quiz: surrogate families Ans: __________ _______ take the place of their families on the outside and contain hierarchies with mother, father, child, and grandparent figures Quiz: companionship Examstudy - Stuvia US Ans: Female inmates tend to form relationships based more on ___________ than for sexual reasons Quiz: gynecology, obstetric, and pre-natal Ans: Types of gender-specific medical services available to female inmates are... Quiz: transgender Ans: The Prison Rape Elimination Act defines ________ as a person whose gender identity is different from the person's assigned sex at birth Quiz: genital Ans: PREA states that officers cannot search or physically examine a transgender or transsexual inmate for the sole purpose of determining the inmate's _________ status Quiz: conversations with the inmate, reviewing medical records, or through a medical examination conducted privately by a medical practitioner Ans: If the inmate's genital status is unknown, it may be determined by.... Quiz: cross-gender Ans: Conduct ________-_________ pat-down searches, and searches of transgender and transsexual inmates in a professional and respectful way, and in the least intrusive manner possible, while still applying officer safety Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: health, safety Ans: Consider the transgender inmate's _______ and _____ and if the placement would present management or security problems Quiz: shower Ans: Transgender inmates should be given the opportunity to _______ separately from other inmates Quiz: sexual orientation Ans: __________ ________ describes the group of people with which a person is most likely to find satisfying and fulfilling relationships with Quiz: institutional homosexuality Ans: _________ ________ can begin as sexual abuse through intimidation and coercion, sometimes as repayment for a debt or favor Quiz: sexual abuse Ans: PREA defines _______ _____ as sexual abuse of an inmate, detainee, or resident by another inmate, detainee, or resident, staff member, contractor, or volunteer Quiz: -does not consent -is coerced by overt or implied threats of violence -is unable to consent or refuse Examstudy - Stuvia US Ans: Sexual abuse occurs when the victim: Quiz: voyeurism Ans: _______ is an invasion of privacy of an inmate, detainee, or resident by staff for reasons unrelated to official duties Quiz: sexual harassment Ans: _______ __________ includes: -repeated and unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or verbal comments, gestures, or actions of derogatory or offensive sexual nature by one inmate, detainee, or resident directed toward another -repeated verbal comments or gestures of a sexual nature to an inmate, detainee, or resident by a staff member, contractor, or volunteer, including demeaning references to gender, sexually suggestive or derogatory comments about body or clothing, or obscene language or gestures Quiz: victimization, abusiveness Ans: Screening for risk of ______________ and __________ is an important piece of the intake process Quiz: sexual victimization Ans: Inmates at high risk for __________ __________ should not be placed in involuntary segregated housing unless an assessment of all available alternatives has been made and there is no means of separation from likely abusers Quiz: 24 Examstudy - Stuvia US Ans: If a facility cannot conduct an assessment immediately, the facility may hold the inmate in involuntary segregated housing for less than __ hours while completing the assessment Quiz: sexual abuse and sexual harassment, retaliation by other inmates or staff for reporting abuse, and staff neglect or violation of responsibilities that may have contributed to the abuse Ans: Inmates should have ways to privately report... Quiz: separate the alleged victim and abuser and preserve and protect any crime scene until appropriate steps can be taken to collect any evidence Ans: Upon learning of an allegation that an inmate was sexually abused, the first reporting officer should... Quiz: washing, brushing teeth, changing clothes, urinating, defecting, smoking, drinking, or eating Ans: If the abuse occurred within a time period that still allows for the collection of physical evidence, ensure that the alleged victim does not take any actions that could destroy physical evidence such as... Quiz: Administrative confinement Ans: _________ ______ is the temporary removal of an inmate from the general population to provide for safety and security until a more permanent inmate management process is in place Examstudy - Stuvia US Quiz: conditions, privileges Ans: Administrative confinement may limit ________ and ________ as means of promoting the security, order, and effective management of the facility Quiz: Protective managment Ans: ________ ________ is a special management status for the protection of an inmate from other inmates. It is not disciplinary in nature, inmates are not under punishment, nor in confinement Quiz: Disciplinary Confinement Ans: _________ _______ is a form of punishment in which an inmate, found guilty of committing violations, is in confinement for specified periods to individual cells based upon authorized penalties for prohibited contact Quiz: single-cell Ans: An inmate on death row is housed in _______-____ special housing after being sentenced to death for a capital crime Quiz: SUPERVISING SPECIAL POPULATIONS EXAM (ACTUAL 2025/2026) LATEST UPDATE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS. Special Populations: Groups of inmates who exhibit unique mental, physical, or social needs that distinguish them from the general population. Special population inmates include the following: - members of gangs - people with substance abuse issues - people with mental illness or an intellectual disability - people with long-term medical conditions or physical disabilities - women - the elderly - juveniles - people with gender issues - inmates with special confinement or on death row By nature, humans are social beings, even in a correctional setting, and tend to ...? Gravitate toward people with similar beliefs and backgrounds. Some examples of the flux or circular structure include: - school based gangs - some hybrid gangs Some STGs have an organization based on __________. tenure The STG rule by committee ....? there is no leader, and members make all decisions by consensus. When a member initiates a criminal activity ...? all of the participating members must commit the crime. Tagging: a marking on a wall, fence, or the ground that identifies STG territory. STG leaders will often have the largest amount of ...? commissary items without receipts, which they will pass along to other inmates. Constantly looking at inmate behavior is ...? critical to the safe and secure operation of the facility. Alliances and conflicts between STGs are constantly changing and can ...? result in an argument or a major fight that can spread throughout the facility. Thoroughly document all suspected STG activity immediately to ...? provide additional information for STG databases. The National Institute on Drug Use defines drug addition as ...? a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences. Drug addiction or substance use disorder can include: - the use of alcohol - narcotics - prescription medication - the use of any drug without medical justification Substance abuse: a pattern of substance use that leads to significant impairment of distress. Substance abuse is displayed by one (or more) of the following behaviors: - failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school or home - repeated substance use in situations that are physically hazardous, such as driving a car - frequent substance use related legal problems - persistent or repeated social or interpersonal problems caused by the effects of the substance, such as domestic violence Inmates may display the following physical and health signs of substance abuse: - bloodshot eyes, pupils that are smaller or larger than normal - frequent nosebleeds - changes in appetite or sleep patterns - sudden weight loss or weight gain - seizures without a history of epilepsy - decline in personal grooming or appearance - unusual smells on breath, body, or clothing - shakes, tremors, incoherent or slurred speech, impaired or unstable coordination Inmates may display the following behavior signs of substance abuse: - silent, withdrawn, engaging in secretive or suspicious behaviors - sudden change in relationships - frequently getting into arguments, fights, accidents Inmates may display the following psychological signs of drug abuse: - unexplained change in personality or attitude - sudden mood changes, irritability, angry outbursts or laughing at nothing - periods of unusual hyperactivity or agitation - lack of motivation; inability to focus, appearing lethargic r "spaced out" - appearing fearful, withdrawn, anxious, or paranoid, with no apparent reason Inmates that are going through the process of detoxification, or ridding their bodies of a drug(s), may experience symptoms of ___________. withdrawal Withdrawal from some substances such as alcohol, opiates, and tranquilizers, produces a ______________. physical withdrawal Substances such as, cocaine, marijuana, and ecstasy, produce a more __________________. emotional withdrawal Physical withdrawal symptoms include: sweating, racing heart, palpitations, muscle tension, tightness in the chest, difficulty breathing, tremor, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Emotional withdrawal symptoms include: anxiety, restlessness, irritability, insomnia, headaches, poor concentration, depression, social isolation, mood swings, fatigue Acute withdrawal symptoms include: grand mal seizures, heart attacks, strokes, hallucinations, delirium tremens, violent tremors (DTs) Treat acute withdrawal symptoms as a ...? medical emergency and immediately notify your supervisor and medical staff. How long does withdrawal last? may last several days to several weeks. Substance abuse services include: - prevention - outpatient - intensive outpatient - aftercare services as well as education/vocational services Inmates that identify as substance abusers have a high potential to commit self harm, such as: - banging their heads on hard objects - biting or hitting themselves - attacking others The Florida Comprehensive Drug Abuse Control Act, s. 8931.01, F.S., dictates ...? that agencies will house any inmate with a substance abuse issue that poses safety concerns separately from the general population and under close supervision. When a physician, designee, or medical personnel determine that the inmate is no longer posing a threat to him/herself or others, the inmate can ...? relocate to the general population. In the event that an inmate is court ordered into a substance abuse treatment program ...? allow every opportunity for the inmate to attend the program. Document any inmate's refusal, denial, or lack of attendance at a _____________________. substance abuse treatment program. According to the Florida Department of Corrections, an increased number of inmates are people with ____________. mental illness. Rates of inmates with serious mental illnesses are ___________ higher in jails and _______________ times higher in prisons than the general population. 4-6 and 3-4 s. 394.455, F.S. mental illness Mental illness: an impairment of the mental or emotional processes that exercises the conscious control of one's actions. According to section 394.459, F.S., inmates with mental illness have the right ...? to individual dignity and treatment. What are categories of mental illness? - mood disorders - thought disorders - personality disorders When an inmate is suffering from a psychotic disorder, his/her thoughts seem ...? disorganized and not logically connected. A common psychotic or thought disorder is _____________. schizophrenia Schizophrenia: a brain disorder caused by a chemical imbalance that distorts the way a person thinks, acts, expresses emotion, and perceives reality. Psychotic inmates (those hearing voices, etc.) are sometimes preoccupied with ...? internal voices, do not hear you, and are unable to follow commands. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common ....? mood disorders that you may encounter. MDD is abbreviated for what ...? Major depressive disorder MDD is: a clinically diagnosed mental illness for a person having multiple, major depressive episodes. MDD symptoms may be severe, can last for several weeks, and do not include persistent ________________. high moods (mania). Behaviors of MDD are: - profoundly sad - crying uncontrollably - unable to concentrate - cannot eat or sleep - is suicidal BD is abbreviated for what ...? Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder (BD) formerly known as manic-depressive illness is: a clinically diagnosed mental illness with alternating episodes of depression and mania. Symptoms of a BD; manic episode include: - loud - quick - uninterrupted speech - racing thoughts - fidgeting - hyperactivity Inmates may also have a substance-induced mood disorder from ...? drug and alcohol abuse, and can be easily distracted or may have an exaggerated sense of self, powers, and abilities. The characteristics of an anxiety disorder include: - excessive nervousness - tension - apprehension - fight or flight behavior - excessive fear - anticipation of imminent danger - flashbacks - ritualistic behavior such as excessive hand washing Four main types of anxiety disorders in the correctional setting: - panic disorder - obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) - post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - phobia An inmate who has panic disorder can experience ...? an extreme panic attack with a racing heartbeat, sweating, tension, and a feeling that something terrible is about to happen. Symptoms of a panic attack: - chest pain or discomfort - sweating - trembling - choking - feeling that one is going to die An inmate who has obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) has ...? intrusive thoughts and impulses resulting in ritualistic behavior, such as excessive need to count, excessively wash their hands, or an extreme need to avoid dirt. A traumatic event such as war, natural disaster, sexual or physical assault, or the unexpected death of a loved one can cause a _______________________. post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Characteristics of PTSD are lasting thoughts and memories of ...? terror causing emotional numbness. Phobia is: an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as a fear of heights, spiders or leaving home. Personality disorder: a deeply ingrained, non-psychotic, inflexible pattern of relating, perceiving, and behavior. Depending upon the specific personality disorder, a person may ..? display anxiety, fear, drama, emotion, erratic behavior, or impaired function. Three common personality disorders in a correctional facility: - antisocial personality disorder - narcissistic personality disorder - borderline personality disorder An inmate with antisocial personality disorder: - has a lifelong pattern of behavior that violates rules, social norms, and the rights of others - lacks the capacity for empathy, guilt , and remorse - lies and exploits for personal gain and pleasure - has no regard for right or wrong - takes unnecessary risks - may be a child abuser, pedophile, rapist, or gang member, and can be homicidal An inmate with narcissistic personality disorder has: - an inflated sense of importance - a need for admiration, or a desire to be feared or notorious - dramatic emotional behaviors - difficulties with relationships - a lack of empathy for others - a habit of being aggressive when challenged Inmates with borderline personality disorder: - are significantly emotionally unstable - are usually aware of their behavior, but lack the ability to control it - often experience rapid and intense mood swings that typically involve angry , erratic, self destructive, and impulsive behavior toward themselves and others - are often gamblers and risk takers - display inappropriate anger that escalates into physical fights If you have any doubts about an inmate's mental status ...? refer or escort the inmate to the mental health clinic and fully explain your observations to the mental health clinician. When communicating with an inmate with a mental illness: - solve problems systematically. make changes gradually. work on one thing at a time. - avoid continuous eye contact and touching if possible. - avoid agitating the situation - keep it simple. say what you have to say clearly, calmly, and positively. Do not do the following with inmates with mental illness: - threaten, this may increase fear or may prompt assaultive behavior - shout, the inmate is not listening; other voices are probably interfering - assume the inmate is not smart and will believe anything you tell them; mental illness has nothing to do with intelligence level - pass them on to another officer or staff member Mental illness alone does not increase the __________________. risk of violent behavior. When mental illness combines with other risk factors which as substance or sexual abuse, it increases the risk of ______________. inmate violence. Whether an inmate has mental illness or not, he/she does not just "snap"; there is a .....? progression of behaviors toward violence. Mental health behavioral warning signs: - sleeplessness - ritualistic preoccupation with certain activities - suspiciousness - unpredictable outbursts During a violent incident involving a mentally ill inmate, avoid using: - batons - chemical agents - electronic immobilization devices (EIDs) - specialty impact amunitions - other authorized less lethal weapons The Baker Act: provides for emergency service, temporary detention for evaluation, and voluntary or involuntary short-term community inpatient treatment. According to s.394.463, F.S.: a law enforcement officer may take an inmate to a receiving facility for involuntary examination if you believe that the inmate has a mental illness, and because of his/her mental illness, the inmate is unable to care for him/herself, or to protect the inmate from harming him/herself or others. Intellectual disability: A type of developmental disability, a lifelong condition characterized by slow intellectual development. An inmate with an intellectual disability will not benefit from taking _________________ medication. Psychiatric Mental illness is the result of ...? Biological diseases or chemical imbalance in which brain chemistry does not work normally and requires medication to compensate for the imbalance. An intellectual disability can be the result of a .....? Childhood illness or injury that causes permanent and irreversible brain damage. Individuals with a severe level of intellectual disability have ...? Very slow motor development and communication skills. Intellectual disability individuals might have trouble describing ...? Events in chronological order and may not understand cause and effect. People with intellectual disabilities may not be able to distinguish between ..? Abstract and concrete thought and might confess to crimes they did not commit. Inmates with an intellectual disability are more comfortable with ...? Routines and become agitated when routines vary. People with intellectual disabilities often display self-soothing behavior such as: - rocking or clicking their fingers - may become upset when interrupted Some, but not all, inmates with an intellectual disability have difficulty _____________. Communicating When an inmate with an intellectual disability does have difficulty with communication, it may be beneficial to allow ...? Additional time to exchange information. An inmate give the impression that he/she comprehends; determine if the inmate understands by doing the following: - If you are busy area with many distractions, consider moving to a quieter location. - Speak directly with the inmate and avoid talking to the inmate as if he/she were a child. - Avoid shouting and use plain language and short, simple sentences. - Listen to what the inmate says and let him/her know when you do or do not understand. The Americans with Disabilities Act defines disability as: A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of an individual. ADA is abbreviation for: Americans with Disabilities Act A mental impairment is: Any mental or psychological disorder such as intellectual disability, organic brain syndrome, emotional or mental illness, and specific learning disabilities. The term disability does not include the following: - cross dressing, transsexualism, or gender identity disorders not resulting from physical impairments - pedophilia, exhibitionism, voyeurism, or other sexual behavior disorders - compulsive gambling, kleptomania, pyromania - substance use disorders resulting from current illegal use of drugs The American with Disabilities Act (ADA) provides guidelines ...? For housing and monitoring disabled inmates. Facilities must have a certain percentage of ...? Housing units with accessible mobility features to areas used by inmates for visitation, dining, recreating, educational programs, medical services, work programs, religious services, and participation in other programs that the facility offers. Reasonable accommodation: Refers to any modification or adjustment that will allow a qualified inmate with a disability to paraticipate in the programs, services, or activities of an institution or facility. A service plan should outline the ...? Reasonable accommodations to meet their medical and mental health needs, and housing consistent with their custody level and medical status. Inmate societies tend to form around: - race - religion - medical needs - geographical identity - ethnicity - cultural background - socio-economic standing S. 874.03, F.S. A criminal gang is a formal or informal ongoing organization, association, or group. Criminal gangs consist of ...? Three or more people, who have a common name or common identifying signs, colors, or symbols. Criminal gangs include, but are not limited to ....? Terrorist organizations and hate groups. Security threat group: Is a criminal enterprise or organization of a continuing nature that engages repeatedly in acts of crime individually or collectively, and poses a safety or security threat within, as well as outside of, a correctional facility. STG is a term officers use to ...? Remove any glamour from being a member of a criminal gang and it diffuse the power associated with being a "gang" member. STGs can influence inmate populations and usually control the bulk of the contraband flow because of their ...? Strength in numbers. STGs can commit the same crimes in the facility they commit outside of the facility, such as: - extortion - gambling - prostitution - battery - assault - money laundering - drug smuggling - escape plots - robbery - murder Traditional STGs have a documented ...? History, a written set of laws or codes, and can have an organizational structure. Some examples of Traditional STG are: - Latin Kings - Bloods - Crips - Aryan - Brotherhood - Ku Klux Klan - MS-13 - SUR-13 Traditional STGs often have a ...? Leadership structure, codes of conduct, colors, special dress, sign, and symbols. A traditional STG may vary in characteristics of: - age - gender - community - ethnicity - generation - scope and nature of its criminal activities Non traditional STGs that do not fall under the criteria of a traditional STG can be ...? Without laws or code, but still have an organizational structure. Examples is non traditional STG: - Haitian STGs - Jamaican Posse - Asian Pride - Taking Over Your Shit (TOYS) Hybrid STGs form within: - schools - neighborhoods or regions - in youthful offender - juvenile - adult correctional facilities Examples of hybrid STGs: - Money Over Bithces Boyz (MOB Boyz) - 704 (or local area codes) - Zoe Mafia - Guatemalans Taking over (GTO) Transitional STGs members are individuals or a group of criminal gang members that come to prison and realign themselves with ...? Tradional and non-traditional STGs, or they can be hybrid STG members recruited by larger, traditional STGs. Female inmates can be members of ...? A typically male STG or members of an all-female STG and similar to male STGs in structure. The female STG crime rate is currently low; however, when a crime is committed, it is often ___________. Violent As the population of female inmates increases, so does the _______________. Female STG population. Prison-based STGs originate within the prison system, as opposed to most STGs that begin as gangs outside of prison, and predominantly base their operations from ....? Within the prison system. Some examples of prison-based STGs: - Mexican Mafia/La Eme - Aryan Brotherhood - Black Guerilla Family - Nets - Texas Syndicate - Nuestra Familia Extremists may act solo or as a group, follow an extreme ideology, such as: Faith or belief-based, or anti-establishment, and can pose a significant security threat because they are usually very tightknit, unpredictable, and exclusive. An extremist may be an individual working alone or ....? An individual working within a group. Some examples of extremists STGs are: - sovereign citizens - Jihadists - Posse Comitatus Officers using STG symbols, gestures, graffiti, or alphabets as communication can potentially ...? Place themselves in a compromising or dangerous situation. Some STG symbols, graffiti, colors, signs and tattoos may include the following: - forming hand signs with the left or right hand - wearing hats cocked or tilted to the left or right - rolling up on pant leg - untying one shoe - resting the hand in a specific pocket - wearing jewelry turned at an angle - color association (such as black/brown or blue/red) - identifiers or icons that appear in combination, such as a star and a crown, revealing both the person's alliance and the specific STG to which the inmate belongs - using a common phrase "All is one" or "All is well" - using hand signals or graffiti in a certain direction, such as upside down or sideways denotes a sign of disrespect - using hand signal or graffiti properly is a sign of respect - using nonverbal communication such as tugging on a shirt The primary activities of a criminal gang are ...? the commission of criminal or delinquent acts. The pyramid structure is usually the ...? strongest and most organized structure and is common to the more traditional, national gangs. What is the linear structure ...? contains a single leader representing each clique; however, the leaders do not answer to a higher command. What is the flux or circular structure ...? has a continually changing leadership. Stronger or more charismatic people enter this type of STG structure. There may be specific institutions that provide custody and care for inmates who are: - blind - deaf - require a walker or wheelchair - who have more specialized housing and/or service needs. Some inmates will require health care applications, such as: - wheelchairs - manually powered mobility aids, such as walkers, crutches, canes, orthopedic prostheses or braces - hearing aids - prescription glasses Agency medical staff makes the determination of whether an inmate has a disability, based on the inmate's ...? Record of an existing physical or mental impairment or qualified evaluation of the inmate. Why should the officers monitor medical appliances? The disabled inmate may use his/her assigned medical appliance to transport contraband from one location to another, or sell medications or portable accessories to othe inmates. Use the same search the Niue's and frequency with disabled inmates as with the ______________. General population. A significantly disabled inmate may have a personal care attendance, who is also an ____________. Inmate. Verify and ensure that the inmate assigned as a personal care attendant is performing his/her duties within the allowable scope, such as: - pushing a wheelchair - changing linens - providing bowel care and hygiene assistance - feeding The assigned personal care attendant is not responsible for handling or having access to medical devices such as: - needles - medications - surgical instruments - other health care (HIPPA) activities or records Chronic disease: Is a long-lasting medical condition in which medicine can control the symptoms, but not cure the disease. Common inmate chronic diseases include: - arthritis - asthma - cancer - diabetes - heart disease - high blood pressure - stroke Communicable disease transmits through ...? Direct contact with an infected individual or indirectly through such means as a biting insect or drinking glasses. Facilities should have comprehensive policies for control of certain communicable diseases found in the corrections setting, including: - hepatitis - HIV/AIDS - MRSA - sexually transmitted diseases - tuberculosis - novel influenza A virus (H1N1) Keep all common areas within the facility routinely clean and immediately...? Clean with the cleaning agents normally used in these areas. Often the inmate will self-declare a medical emergency or request non-emergency care;however, it is your responsibility to ....? Recognize changes in an inmate's physical demeanor or behavior indicating there is a need for medical, dental, or mental health intervention. Complaints of respiratory distress, chest pain, new onset of change in mental status, and new onset of neurological deficits should receive ...? Immediate attention and evaluation. Most facilities define inmates as terminally ill if they are known to have a fatal disease and have ...? Fewer than six months to live. Some terminally ill inmates are able to remain within the general population while others may need a more protected housing ______________. Arrangement. Because terminally ill inmates may experience increased anger and depression, they are at increased risk of _____________. Suicide For terminally ill inmates, increasing security checks and the involvement of clergy, mental health professionals, and others who can officer supportive counseling is _______________. Essential Administration may permit the family, clergy, or authorized visitor of a terminally ill inmate to visit the inmate ...? Under close, isolated supervision. The use of chemical restraint agents may aggravate the following medical conditions: Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, congestive heart failure, dysrhythmia, angina pectoris, cardiac myopathy, pacemaker, pregnancy, unstable hypertension, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, and/or seizure disorder The use of an EID may aggravate the following medical conditions: - seizure disorder - multiple sclerosis - muscular dystrophy - pacemaker - pregnancy EID abbreviated for? Electronic Immobilization Devices Juvenile adjudication: Occurs when the court charges, sentences, judges as delinquent, and commits a juvenile under the age of 18 years to the Department of Juvenile Justice. This includes a juvenile that accepts a convection as if entering a guilty plea but does not admit guilt. Juvenile Inmate: An inmate who is not legally an adult or judged as an adult and whom the court may assign to the Department of Juvenile Justice. Youthful Offender: Any offender younger than the age of 24 years, who the court sentences as an adult or the Department of Corrections assigns youthful offender status, according to s. 958.03(5) and s. 958.04, F.S. Four basic ways that a juvenile can be remanded to the Department of Corrections as a juvenile. - court declared - department designated - department declared - young adult offender Court-declared: - cannot be sentenced to prison for more than six years. - must have been younger than 21 years of age on the date the sentence was imposed for offenses committed on or after 10/01/2008 - cannot have previously been classified as a youthful offender Department-designated: - total length of prison sentence cannot exceed 10 years - the age of the offender cannot exceed 24 years - the individual cannot have previously been classified as a youthful offender Department-declared: - not a youthful offender, but housed at a youthful offender facility by virtue of mental or physical vulnerability - mental or physical vulnerability would significantly jeopardize his/her safety in non youthful offender facility Young adult offender: - not a youthful offender, but housed at a youthful offender facility by virtue of age at time of crime and time of admission to prison. The courts incarcerate youthful offenders primarly for ...? Persona and property crimes, and technical violations of probation. Juveniles or youthful offenders can also have one or more of the following characteristics: - tend to be more impulsive and unpredictable - act first and think about the consequences later - are often oppositional, defiant, and resentful of authority May join gangs in an attempt to find an identity and for personal safety How can you become a positive role model for young inmates? Demonstrating professional behavior, and being consistently firm and fair. It is important that officers new to the facility understand ...? Policy and procedures, enforce them and appear competent. Major infractions can include: - fighting - battery - STG activity - rioting - setting fires - theft - lewd and lascivious behavior Minor infractions can include: - unmade bunk - failure to wear an ID - follow proper dress code The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act sets the ...? Standards for state and local juvenile justice systems. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act provides for the following: - Juveniles may not be detained in adult jails except for limited periods before release or transporting them to an appropriate juvenile placement (6 hrs), in rural areas (24 hrs plus weekends and holidays), or when weather and travel conditions prevent authorities from transporting them. - Children cannot be housed with adult inmates or next to adult cells, share dining halls, recreation areas, or any other common spaces with adult inmates, or be placed in any circumstances in which they could have any visual or verbal contact with adult inmates. - Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) requires states and localities to develop oversight committees that plan and implement data driven approaches to ensure fairness and reduce racial and ethnic disparities. According to s. 985.265(5)(b), F.S.: Juveniles are housed separately from adult inmates to prohibit sight and sound contact with incarcerated adults. Supervising and monitoring juveniles includes physical observation and documented checks by facility supervisory staff at intervals of no more than ______________. 10 minutes. Juvenile inmates or youthful offenders are required to participate in: - an Extended Day Program providing work assignments, educational programs, substance abuse, etc.. - vocational and job training - life and socialization skills training - pre release orientation and planning - suitable transition services Juvenile inmates or youthful offenders qualify for the nutritionally adequate menu that provides uniformity of food items and meets the requirements of the _____________________. National Child Nutrition Program Elderly inmates are considered what age? 50 years of age and over. Elderly inmates' life experiences prior to and while in prison can contribute to a _____________. Lower life expectancy Elderly inmates experiences normal physical and physiological changes such as: - mobility - increase the likelihood of accidents - lead to fear - isolation - victimization by other inmates Some elderly inmates suffer from chronic medical conditions such as: - incontinence - bedsores - dehydration - Alzheimer's disease - requiring long term management or care Dementia and Alzheimer's are: Organic, progressive mental disorders characterized by loss of memory, impairment of judgement and abstract thinking, and changes in personality. Sundowner's Syndrome: This condition is most notable after dinner hours or sundown. Inmates become active after dark, have a tendency to wander, and may exhibit mood swings or become demanding suspicious, or disoriented. Not all inmates with Alzheimer's or dementia will exhibit ______________. Sundowner's Syndrome Dementia is: Deterioration in memory, thinking, behavior, and the ability to perform everyday activities; however, it is not a normal part of aging. When communicating with an elderly inmate do the following: - Always treat him/her with dignity, respect and patience. - Speak directly to the inmate - Estasblish and maintain eye contact - Speak loudly only if the inmate indicates that he/she cannot hear you You may find elderly inmates have items in their locker that will be different from the general population such as: - hearing aid batteries - varicose vein socks - adult diapers, catheters - prostheses (artificial arm or leg) A device plan is designed to meet their medical and mental health needs, and housing consistent with their ..? Custody level and medical status. Be aware that instances might arise where standard physical control measures, tactics, and verbal directions used with younger populations may not work for __________________. Elderly inmates. Examples of some mobility challenges for elderly inmates include: - an inmate who has a prosthesis that restricts movement of the knee will not be able to kneel when getting into a "prone" position - an inmate with a visual or hearing deficiency may have trouble understanding verbal directions, which may make the inmate appear to refuse to obey an order - vary job assignments based on the physical limitations of an elderly inmate and on their medical grade and classification. The courts incarcerate the majority of female inmates because of ...? Drug related charges and economic crimes such as passing worthless checks, forgery, fraud, and other non violent crimes. The incidence of younger females committing violent crimes on the _____________. Rise _________________ inmates are the fastest growing criminal population. Females Female inmates tend to form relationships based more on companionship than for __________________. Sexual reasons They freely express their fear, anger, and affection on a _______________ level, while men tend to express their feelings ________________. Verbal / physically Female inmates tend to be more inclined that male inmates are to provide ____________________ information to achieve an agenda. False Some of the programs available to both male and female inmates: - career and technical education - character awareness and motivation - special education - boot camp - faith and character based residential - general library or law library Some of the career and technical education programs available to women include: - web development - automotive technology - technology support devices - cosmetology - drafting - technology support services - equine care technology - commercial foods and culinary arts - fashion design services - air conditioning, refrigeration and heating technology Services available to both male and female inmates: - medical - mental health - dental - chaplain or other religious leader Types of gender- specific medical services available to female inmates are: - gynecology - obstetric - pre-natal The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) defines transgender as: A person whose gender identity (i.e., internal sense of feeling male or female) is different from the person's assigned sex at birth. Transgender as defined by the American Psychological Association states: Is an umbrella term used to describe people whose gender identity (sense of themselves as male or female) or gender expression differs from that usually associated with their birth sex. PREA states that officers cannot search or physically examine a transgender or transsexual inmate for the sole purpose of ...? Determining the inmate's genital status. If the inmate's genital status is unknown, it may be determined during ...? Conversations with the inmate, by reviewing medical records, or if necessary, by learning that information as part of a broader medical examination conducted in private by a medical practitioner. Inmates that have changed their sex through treatments with hormones and/or surgery or who are in any stage of the gender changing process can cause _________________. Housing issues When deciding whether to assign a transgender inmate to a facility for male or female inmates, and in making other housing and programming assignments, consider each on a _______________. Case-by-case basis Inmates engage in same-sex activity for power, control, or sexual release because they are in a place where _______________ activity is not possible. Heterosexual Heterosexual: Having emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to someone of the opposite sex Gay/Lesbian: Having emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to someone of the same sex Bisexual: Having emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to both men and women Homosexual and bisexual inmates, who identify as heterosexual prior to incarceration, begin same-sex relationships when ...? Confined together for long periods of time and without access to the opposite sex. Institutional homosexuality can grin as sexual abuse through ...? Intimidation and coercion, sometimes as repayment for a debt or favor. The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) defined sexual abuse as: Sexual abuse of an inmate, detainee, or resident by another inmate, detainee, or resident, staff member, contractor, or volunteer. Sexual abuse occurs when the victim: - does not consent - is coerced by overt or implied threats of violence - is unable to consent or refuse Voyeurism: An invasion of privacy of an inmate, detainee, or resident by staff for reasons unrelated to official duties Voyeurism includes: - peering at an inmate who is using a toilet in his/her cell to perform bodily functions - requiring an inmate to expose his/her buttocks, genitals, or breasts - taking images of all or part of an inmate's naked body or of an inmate performing bodily functions The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA) mandates correctional facilities to have a ___________ tolerance for sexual abuse and sexual harassment. Zero Sexual harassment is: Repeated and unwelcome sexual advances, requests fro sexual favors, or verbal comments, gestures, or actions of a derogatory or offensive sexual nature by one inmate, detainee, or resident directed toward another; repeated verbal comments or gestures of a sexual nature to an inmate, detainee, or resident by a staff member, contractor, or volunteer, including demeaning references to gender, sexually suggestive or derogatory comments about body or clothing, or obscene language or gestures. PREA addresses the safety and treatment of inmates who have been victims of ...? Nonconsensual sex acts, and disciplines and prosecutes those who perpetrate these acts. Targets of sexual abuse and sexual harassment in a corrections setting include inmates who: - identify as LGBTQI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersexed) - are younger - have disabilities (includes mental health, developmental/intellectual, physical) - are biracial or multiracial - have been victims of previous sexual abuse (majority of female inmates) Possible physical signs that an inmate has experienced sexual abuse include: - sexually transmitted infections - unexplained pregnancies - stomach/abdominal pain - anal/penile/vaginal discharge, bleeding, or pain - difficulty walking/sitting - unexplained injury Possible behaviors that a sexually abused inmate may display include: - acting out/acting in - anger, anxiety, depression - difficulty with daily routines and concentrating - fear, numbness, denial - suicidal thoughts Sexual abuse is traumatic for the victim, which changes how the inmate's ...? Brain responds to stress or any stimuli that can induce an emotional response. Inmates who are victims of sexual abuse can display the following behaviors associated with experiencing trauma: - hypervigilance - acting without thinking - inability to calm down - intense/prolonged anxiety - irritable/aggressive/impulsive The long term effects of the trauma of sexual abuse can include: - flashbacks/nightmares - mood swings - social withdrawal - sudden and unexplained changes in behavior/personality - PTSD If a facility cannot conduct the sexual abuse assessment immediately, the facility may hold the inmate in ...? Involuntary segregated housing for less than 24 hours while completing the assessment. Do not reveal any information related to a sexual abuse report to anyone unless it is specific to an ...? Investigation, treatment or security or management decisions. Upon learning of an allegation that an inmate was sexually abused, the first responding officer should ...? Separate the alleged victim and abuser and preserve and protect any crime scene until appropriate steps can be taken to collect any evidence. Administrative confinement: Is the temporary removal of an inmate from the general population to provide for safety and security until a more permanent inmate management process is in place. An inmate can be placed in administrative confinement for the following reasons: - pending disciplinary charges - pending outside charges - pending approval for protective management - an inmate presents a signed written statement alleging they are in fear of staff. - an investigation, evaluation for change of status or transfer is pending - an inmate is received from another institution and classification staff is not available Inmates in administrative confinement may have the following conditions and privileges: - clothing, bedding and linen, personal property, comfort and personal hygiene items - normal meals, canteen items, exercise - counseling interviews, access to legal resources - visitation, telephone, correspondence, writing utensils, reading material,library access Protective management: Is a special management status for the protection of an inmate from other inmates. It is not disciplinary in nature; inmates are not under punishment, nor in confinement. An inmate can request protective management or an officer can recommend the __________________ change. Classification Inmates in protective management are subject to searches in the same manner as general population inmates, and have the same _______________ and ______________ requirements. Restraint and escort Disciplinary confinement: Is a form of punishment in which an inmate, found guilty of committing violations, is in confinement for specified periods to individual cells based upon authorized penalties for prohibited conduct. You should decrease and vary the time between intervals of monitoring inmates in confinement,not to exceed ______________________. 15-30 minute rounds. Approximately ___________________ of inmates on death row have a mental illness or an intellectual disability. One-third What kind of inmates are not housed with the general population and do not have access to the same conditions and privileges available to othe inmates? Death row Inmates on a death row are reviewed ______________ to determine their overall adjustment to confinement and are monitored regularly by officers, supervisors, chiefs of security, wardens and assistant wardens, health care staff, and a chaplain. Annually SUPERVISING SPECIAL POPULATIONS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS Special Populations: Groups of inmates who exhibit unique mental, physical, or social needs that distinguish them from the general population. Special population inmates include the following: - members of gangs - people with substance abuse issues - people with mental illness or an intellectual disability - people with long-term medical conditions or physical disabilities - women - the elderly - juveniles - people with gender issues - inmates with special confinement or on death row By nature, humans are social beings, even in a correctional setting, and tend to ...? Gravitate toward people with similar beliefs and backgrounds. Inmate societies tend to form around: - race - religion - medical needs - geographical identity - ethnicity - cultural background - socio-economic standing S. 874.03, F.S. A criminal gang is a formal or informal ongoing organization, association, or group. Criminal gangs consist of ...? Three or more people, who have a common name or common identifying signs, colors, or symbols. Criminal gangs include, but are not limited to ....? Terrorist organizations and hate groups. Security threat group: Is a criminal enterprise or organization of a continuing nature that engages repeatedly in acts of crime individually or collectively, and poses a safety or security threat within, as well as outside of, a correctional facility. STG is a term officers use to ...? Remove any glamour from being a member of a criminal gang and it diffuse the power associated with being a "gang" member. STGs can influence inmate populations and usually control the bulk of the contraband flo