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NUR 1172 EXAM 1 QUIZ BANK 2026/2027 |
Principles of Nutrition | Rasmussen College |
Already Rated A | Verified Answers | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Foundations of Nutrition & Digestion/Absorption (Q1-15)
Q1. Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient?
A. Carbohydrate B. Protein C. Vitamin C D. Lipid
C. Vitamin C [CORRECT]
Rationale: Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients required in small amounts,
whereas carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are macronutrients needed in larger
quantities.
Correct Answer: C
Q2. A patient asks the nurse how many kilocalories per gram fat provides. What is
the correct response?
A. 3 kcal/g B. 4 kcal/g C. 7 kcal/g D. 9 kcal/g
D. 9 kcal/g [CORRECT]
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal/g, while carbohydrates and protein each provide 4
kcal/g; alcohol provides 7 kcal/g. This is a fundamental value frequently confused on
exams.
Correct Answer: D
Q3. Which of the following nutrients is considered essential because the body cannot
synthesize it in sufficient quantities?
A. Cholesterol B. Vitamin C C. Biotin D. Glucose
B. Vitamin C [CORRECT]
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Rationale: Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that must be obtained from dietary
sources; the human body lacks the enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase needed for its
synthesis. Cholesterol and glucose can be endogenously synthesized, and biotin is
produced by gut bacteria.
Correct Answer: B
Q4. During the cephalic phase of digestion, which process occurs first when a patient
smells food?
A. Secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach B. Activation of pepsinogen to
pepsin C. Secretion of salivary amylase in the mouth D. Release of cholecystokinin
from the duodenum
C. Secretion of salivary amylase in the mouth [CORRECT]
Rationale: The cephalic phase begins with sensory stimulation (smell, sight, taste)
triggering salivary amylase secretion; gastric and intestinal secretions occur in
subsequent phases.
Correct Answer: C
Q5. A nurse is teaching a patient about chemical digestion in the stomach. Which
substance is primarily responsible for converting pepsinogen to its active form?
A. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) B. Intrinsic factor C. Mucus D. Bicarbonate
A. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) [CORRECT]
Rationale: HCl creates the acidic environment (pH 1.5-3.5) necessary to convert
pepsinogen to pepsin; intrinsic factor is required for B12 absorption, while mucus
and bicarbonate protect the gastric mucosa.
Correct Answer: A
Q6. A patient with pernicious anemia is unable to absorb vitamin B12. Which gastric
secretion is deficient in this condition?
A. Hydrochloric acid B. Pepsin C. Intrinsic factor D. Gastrin
C. Intrinsic factor [CORRECT]
, 3
Rationale: Intrinsic factor, produced by parietal cells, binds to vitamin B12 enabling
its absorption in the ileum; deficiency leads to pernicious anemia despite adequate
dietary intake.
Correct Answer: C
Q7. Which enzyme is produced by the pancreas and functions to digest
carbohydrates in the small intestine?
A. Maltase B. Sucrase C. Pancreatic amylase D. Lactase
C. Pancreatic amylase [CORRECT]
Rationale: Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into oligosaccharides; maltase,
sucrase, and lactase are brush border enzymes produced by intestinal epithelial cells.
Correct Answer: C
Q8. A patient with celiac disease has damage to the intestinal villi. Which absorption
mechanism would be MOST directly impaired?
A. Passive diffusion of water-soluble vitamins B. Facilitated diffusion of fructose C.
Active transport of glucose via SGLT1 D. Simple diffusion of fatty acids
C. Active transport of glucose via SGLT1 [CORRECT]
Rationale: SGLT1 is a brush border transporter located on intestinal villi epithelial
cells; active transport requires energy and intact cellular machinery most affected by
villous atrophy.
Correct Answer: C
Q9. A patient on long-term antibiotic therapy develops diarrhea. The nurse should
monitor for deficiency of which vitamins normally produced by bacterial
fermentation in the large intestine?
A. Vitamin A and vitamin D B. Vitamin K and biotin C. Vitamin C and thiamin D.
Vitamin E and folate
B. Vitamin K and biotin [CORRECT]
Rationale: Colonic bacteria synthesize vitamin K and biotin; antibiotic disruption of
gut flora reduces production. Vitamins A, D, C, thiamin, and E are not primarily
bacterial products, though folate has some bacterial contribution.
NUR 1172 EXAM 1 QUIZ BANK 2026/2027 |
Principles of Nutrition | Rasmussen College |
Already Rated A | Verified Answers | Pass
Guaranteed - A+ Graded
Section 1: Foundations of Nutrition & Digestion/Absorption (Q1-15)
Q1. Which of the following is classified as a micronutrient?
A. Carbohydrate B. Protein C. Vitamin C D. Lipid
C. Vitamin C [CORRECT]
Rationale: Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients required in small amounts,
whereas carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are macronutrients needed in larger
quantities.
Correct Answer: C
Q2. A patient asks the nurse how many kilocalories per gram fat provides. What is
the correct response?
A. 3 kcal/g B. 4 kcal/g C. 7 kcal/g D. 9 kcal/g
D. 9 kcal/g [CORRECT]
Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal/g, while carbohydrates and protein each provide 4
kcal/g; alcohol provides 7 kcal/g. This is a fundamental value frequently confused on
exams.
Correct Answer: D
Q3. Which of the following nutrients is considered essential because the body cannot
synthesize it in sufficient quantities?
A. Cholesterol B. Vitamin C C. Biotin D. Glucose
B. Vitamin C [CORRECT]
,2
Rationale: Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that must be obtained from dietary
sources; the human body lacks the enzyme L-gulonolactone oxidase needed for its
synthesis. Cholesterol and glucose can be endogenously synthesized, and biotin is
produced by gut bacteria.
Correct Answer: B
Q4. During the cephalic phase of digestion, which process occurs first when a patient
smells food?
A. Secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach B. Activation of pepsinogen to
pepsin C. Secretion of salivary amylase in the mouth D. Release of cholecystokinin
from the duodenum
C. Secretion of salivary amylase in the mouth [CORRECT]
Rationale: The cephalic phase begins with sensory stimulation (smell, sight, taste)
triggering salivary amylase secretion; gastric and intestinal secretions occur in
subsequent phases.
Correct Answer: C
Q5. A nurse is teaching a patient about chemical digestion in the stomach. Which
substance is primarily responsible for converting pepsinogen to its active form?
A. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) B. Intrinsic factor C. Mucus D. Bicarbonate
A. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) [CORRECT]
Rationale: HCl creates the acidic environment (pH 1.5-3.5) necessary to convert
pepsinogen to pepsin; intrinsic factor is required for B12 absorption, while mucus
and bicarbonate protect the gastric mucosa.
Correct Answer: A
Q6. A patient with pernicious anemia is unable to absorb vitamin B12. Which gastric
secretion is deficient in this condition?
A. Hydrochloric acid B. Pepsin C. Intrinsic factor D. Gastrin
C. Intrinsic factor [CORRECT]
, 3
Rationale: Intrinsic factor, produced by parietal cells, binds to vitamin B12 enabling
its absorption in the ileum; deficiency leads to pernicious anemia despite adequate
dietary intake.
Correct Answer: C
Q7. Which enzyme is produced by the pancreas and functions to digest
carbohydrates in the small intestine?
A. Maltase B. Sucrase C. Pancreatic amylase D. Lactase
C. Pancreatic amylase [CORRECT]
Rationale: Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch into oligosaccharides; maltase,
sucrase, and lactase are brush border enzymes produced by intestinal epithelial cells.
Correct Answer: C
Q8. A patient with celiac disease has damage to the intestinal villi. Which absorption
mechanism would be MOST directly impaired?
A. Passive diffusion of water-soluble vitamins B. Facilitated diffusion of fructose C.
Active transport of glucose via SGLT1 D. Simple diffusion of fatty acids
C. Active transport of glucose via SGLT1 [CORRECT]
Rationale: SGLT1 is a brush border transporter located on intestinal villi epithelial
cells; active transport requires energy and intact cellular machinery most affected by
villous atrophy.
Correct Answer: C
Q9. A patient on long-term antibiotic therapy develops diarrhea. The nurse should
monitor for deficiency of which vitamins normally produced by bacterial
fermentation in the large intestine?
A. Vitamin A and vitamin D B. Vitamin K and biotin C. Vitamin C and thiamin D.
Vitamin E and folate
B. Vitamin K and biotin [CORRECT]
Rationale: Colonic bacteria synthesize vitamin K and biotin; antibiotic disruption of
gut flora reduces production. Vitamins A, D, C, thiamin, and E are not primarily
bacterial products, though folate has some bacterial contribution.
