Exam 3: NUR 210/ NUR210– Principles of Pharmacology Guide | Galen (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified Questions & Answers | Grade A

Exam 3: NUR 210/ NUR210– Principles of Pharmacology Guide | Galen (Latest 2026/ 2027 Update) 100% Verified Questions & Answers | Grade A Q: To test flexion and extension of the biceps and triceps muscle at the elbow, the nurse tells the patient to Answer pull and push against the examiner's hand Q: A client visits the health care facility with reports of lumbar back pain that radiates down the back. The nurse performs the straight leg test to determine the origin of the pain. Which techniques should the nurse use to perform this test? Answer Ask the client to raise the leg to the point of pain and then dorsiflex the foot Q: What finding should a nurse expect when performing Phalen's test on a client with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome? Answer Reports of tingling, numbness, and pain in the involved wrist Q: A client presents to the health care clinic with reports of onset of neck pain 3 days ago. The nurse recognizes that the most common cause of neck pain is what condition? Answer Cervical strain Q: Assessment reveals that an older adult client has osteomalacia. What would be most important to include in the client's teaching plan? Answer Practice risk prevention for fractures. Q: The nurse is assessing an adolescent client and notes 45-degree flexion of the cervical spine. What is the nurse's most appropriate action? Answer Continue the exam because this curve is normal. Q: The nurse is conducting a musculoskeletal assessment of an older adult client. What aspect of the client's medical history requires the nurse to alter the usual sequence or content of this assessment? Answer The client had a total hip replacement 2 years ago. Q: The nurse is assessing the range of motion (ROM) of a patient's joints. What would the nurse use to assess flexion and extension of a joint if the patient complains of pain on examination? Answer Goniometer Q: When providing teaching to clients in the community, a nurse is accurate in stating that the musculoskeletal system is most closely aligned with which other body system? Answer neurological system Q: A client has uneven height of the shoulders and hips. What should the nurse suspect this client is demonstrating? Answer scoliosis Q: During the physical exam, the nurse notes a very tender and painful, reddened, hot, and swollen metatarsophalangeal joint of the client's great toe. What would the nurse suspect? Answer Gouty arthritis Q: Which medications should a nurse ask a client if they are taking when assessing the risk for osteoporosis? Answer Corticosteroids & thyroid replacement drugs Q: What is an appropriate question by the nurse to ask a client about the presence of temporomandibular joint dysfunction? Answer "Have you noticed a popping or grating sound when you chew?" Q: The nurse is assessing an elderly client and finds an exaggerated thoracic curve. This would be documented as what? Answer Kyphosis Q: A client has osteoarthritis of the elbow. Which assessment approach should the nurse expect to be impacted by this health problem? Answer flexion Q: A nurse is preparing to assess a client's cerebellar function. Which of the following would the nurse expect to test? Answer Balance Q: When evaluating a client's risk for cerebrovascular accident, which client would the nurse identify as being at highest risk? Answer 68-year-old African American with hypertension Q: The brain is a network of interconnecting neurons that control and integrate the body's activities. What components make up these neurons? Answer Cell body Dendrite Axon Q: When performing an assessment of the nervous system, it is most appropriate for a nurse to complete it in which sequence? Answer Mental status, cranial nerves, motor/cerebellar, sensory, reflexes Q: The nurse assesses the motor system as part of the full neurological examination. In order to effectively assess this system, which of the following instructions should be given to the client? Answer Instruct the client to flex and extend the right elbow Q: A client's patellar reflex is normal for the right side but diminished on the left. Using the scale for grading reflexes, how should the nurse document this finding? Answer Right knee +2; Left knee +1 Q: Which of the following assessment techniques should the nurse use to determine a client's stereognosis? Answer With the client's eyes closed, place a coin or key in hand and ask him or her to identify the object. Q: The husband of a 65-year-old female tells the nurse, "My wife is having trouble navigating the steps in our home and needs my help to step down off a curb." What part of the nervous system should the nurse assess for a potential source of the problem? Answer Cerebellum Q: A nurse is preparing to assess the cranial nerves of a client. The nurse is about to test CN I. What would the nurse do? Answer Ask a client to identify scents. Q: The nurse is assessing the neurologic system of an adult client. To test the client's motor function of the facial nerve, the nurse should Answer ask the client to purse the lips Q: While the client is sitting quietly, the thumb and index finger of the left hand are moving in a circular motion. The nurse identifies this finding as which of the following problems? Answer A resting tremor Q: A client has sustained an injury to the cerebellum. Which area should be the nurse's primary focus for assessment? Answer Coordination A nurse has been asked to provide an educational event for the families of patients of a nursing home. What would the nurse teach during this educational event? Answer People older than 75 years experience more consequences of traumatic brain injury. A teenage client tried to commit suicide by slashing both wrists after the client's significant other broke up with the client. The client was admitted to a behavioral unit 1 week ago. The client has responded well to treatment and is looking forward to going home. What is the most important client outcome in this situation? Answer Does not harm self A client arrives at the clinic accompanied by her husband. When the client is in the examination room she says to the nurse, "He loves me so much. He only lets me go out when he is with me because he says other men look at me." What type of behavior is this husband exhibiting? Answer Isolation The nurse has made a nursing diagnosis of self-esteem disturbance. Which assessment data supports the nursing diagnosis? Answer Guilt and negative comments about self The nurse is assessing an older adult client's mental status. Consistently, the client pauses after the nurse poses a question, but then the client provides a response that is correct or appropriate. How should the nurse best interpret this characteristic of the client? Answer Slight delays in mental processing are normal in older adults. A client demonstrates nervousness and fear with a worsening loss of memory. Which nursing diagnosis should the nurse select to help guide this client's care? Answer Anxiety related to awareness of increasing memory loss A patient recovering from a stroke complains of pain. The nurse suspects this patient is most likely experiencing which type of pain? Answer Neuropathic In preparing a care plan for a patient receiving opioid analgesics, the nurse selects which of the following as an applicable nursing diagnosis associated with side effects of opioid use? Answer Constipation Which of the following principles should the nurse integrate into the pain assessment and pain management of pediatric patients? Answer Pain assessment may require multiple methods in order to ensure accurate pain data. When assessing the client for pain, the nurse should believe the client when he or she claims to be in pain. One of the body's normal physiologic responses to pain is diaphoresis After describing the pathophysiology of pain, an instructor determines that the students have understood the teaching when they identify which of the following as being responsible for transmitting the sensations to the central nervous system? Nociceptors A patient is reporting pain and informs the nurse that it has become unbearable. The first thing the nurse should do is what? Assess the site and intensity of the pain. A nurse is assessing the effect of a client's chronic back pain on his affective dimension. Which question should the nurse ask for this assessment? How does the pain influence your overall mood? A client presents to the health care clinic with reports of a 2-day history of sore throat, ear pressure, fever, and stiff neck. The client states she has taken Tylenol and lozenges without relief. Which nursing diagnosis can be confirmed by this data? Acute pain related to sore throat A nurse is assessing the pain of a client who has had major surgery. The client also has been experiencing depression. Which of the following principles should guide the nurse's assessment of a client's pain? It is likely that the client's pain rating will be influences by his emotional state. Louise is a 60-year-old woman who complains of left knee pain associated with tenderness throughout, redness, and warmth over the joint. Which of the following is least helpful in determining if a joint problem is inflammatory? Pain Mrs. Fletcher presents to the office with chronic unilateral pain when chewing. She does not have facial or scalp tenderness. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her pain? Temporomandibular joint syndrome The school nurse notes that the client carries her left shoulder higher than her right shoulder. You should recognize the likely presence of what health problem? Scoliosis Joints may be classified as cartilaginous, synovial, or fibrous When reviewing the neural pathways, a group of students identify which of the following as sensations that travel via the spinothalamic tract. Pain Temperature Light touch As people age, several neurological changes occur. Neurons, brain size, and neurotransmitters decrease. What are some of the results of aging on the neurological system? Slower thought processing Reduced response to stimuli Delayed reflexes What should the nurse assess to test the function of the frontal lobe? Communication What would the nurse most likely find when assessing a client diagnosed with a frontal lobe contusion following a motor vehicle accident? Difficulty speaking The nurse is performing the Romberg test as part of a client's focused neurological assessment. What finding would constitute a positive Romberg test? The client moves her feet apart to prevent herself from falling. The nurse performs a Mini-Mental Status Examination of a client with altered thought processes. Which total score would indicate cognitive impairment? 20 A nurse asks a client the following question: "What do you do if you have pain?" The nurse is assessing which of the following aspects of cognitive function? Judgment The client is brought to the clinic by his son, who states, "My father just doesn't seem to be able to function as well as he used to." When assessing this client the nurse is aware that she will be a what? Patient advocate The nurse is conducting a MMSE on a 77-year-old woman brought to the emergency department by her daughter. What is one of the first questions the nurse would ask this patient? What day of the week is it? A nurse cares for a client who suffered a cerebrovascular accident and demonstrates the inability to speak clearly. The nurse recognizes that injury has occurred to what portion of the brain? Broca's area What task should a nurse ask a client to perform to assess the function of cranial nerve XII? Move the tongue from side to side The nurse is planning to assess a client for graphesthesia. How will the nurse perform this phase of assessment? The client will close the eyes and identify what number the nurse writes in the palm of the client's hand with a blunt-ended object. The cranial nerve that has sensory fibers for taste and fibers that result in the "gag reflex" is the glossopharyngeal Fluid volume deficit causes and S/S Causes- vomiting/diarrhea, diuretics S/S- hypotension, tachycardia, dry mucous membranes Fluid volume overload causes and S/S Causes- renal/heart failure, excess IV fluids S/S- edema, crackles, JVD, bounding pulses Blood administration protocol 1. verify consent 2. double-check ID with 2 RN's 3. get baseline vitals 4. start within 30 min, use filter tubing 5. monitor for 15 min, stay with patient Hemolytic S/S and NA S/S- fever/back pain/chills/hypotension NA- Stop, flush line, notify provider Febrile S/S and NA S/S- fever/chills NA- Stop, administer antipyretics Allergic S/S and NA S/S- rash/hives NA- Stop, administer antihistamines Circulatory overload S/S and NA S/S- crackles/dyspnea NA- slow line, diuretics Types of Diets Regular, Soft, Pureed, Full liquid, Clear liquid Underweight BMI 18.5 Overweight BMI 25-29.9 Nutrition High priority Malnutrition, Aspiration risk, Inability to swallow, Severe dehydration Nutrition Medium priority Knowledge deficits, Difficulty chewing, low appetite Nutrition Low priority Food preferences, low meal satisfaction Factors affecting Urination Dehydration UTI Kidney stones Renal failure Prostate enlargement External catheters Primofit, periwick, condom cath Suprapubic catheters small incision catheter in low abdomen, sometimes preferred over urethral catheter Straight catheter catheter with urine drainage Indwelling catheter catheter with urine drainage and balloon Triple lumen catheter catheter with urine drainage, balloon, and irrigation Types of incontinence Urge- sudden intense urge by overactive bladder Functional- environmental obstacles preventing toilet access Overload- leakage of full bladder (frequent dribbling) Stress- caused by coughing, sneezing, or exercise Ileostomy produces watery stool Colostomy produces formed stool Type 1 stool hard lumps (extreme constipation) Type 2 stool lumpy sausage with cracks (mild constipation) Type 3 stool lumpy sausage with no cracks (normal) Type 4 stool smooth sausage/snake like (normal) Type 5 stool soft blobs with clear cut edges (lacking fiber) Type 6 stool mushy constipation with ragged edges (inflammation) Type 7 stool liquid (inflammation) Primary wound healing pulled together and closed immediately Secondary wound healing healed slowly from bottom up Tertiary wound healing third try that is left open and closed later Hemostasis/Inflammation stage first stage that stops bleeding and begins defense Proliferative stage second stage that rebuilds with new granulation tissue and cells Remodeling/Maturation stage third stage that strengthens and restructures tissue Braden scale assessment assesses pressure ulcer development; lower score=higher risk Hemorrhage S/S and NA S/S- hypotension/tachycardia/cool, pale skin NA- direct pressure and reinforce dressing Infection S/S and NA S/S- fever/elevated WBC NA- antibiotics and obtain wound culture Dehiscence S/S and NA S/S- Popping/pulling sensation/visible separation NA- Low fowler's and cover with moist dressing Evisceration S/S and NA S/S- Visible organs NA-cover with saline gauze/low fowlers/prep for surgery Sensory deficit difficulty with one or more of main sense sensory deprivation unable to receive sensory stimuli perception sensory overload receives stimuli faster than he/she can process peripheral neuropathy manifestations numbness, tingling, burning, pain, weakness Infancy Stage (0-1) Trust vs. mistrust Early childhood (1-3) autonomy vs shame and doubt Preschool (3-6) initiative vs. guilt school age(6-11) industry vs. inferiority adolescence (12-18) identity vs. confusion young adulthood (18-40) intimacy vs isolation middle adulthood (40-65) generativity vs stagnation maturity (65-death) integrity vs despair Piaget's theory of cognitive development birth-2: sensorimotor/object permanence/smooth touch 2-7: preoperational/symbolic and egocentric thinking/simple learning and visual aid 7-11: concrete operational/conservation and logical concrete events/hands on learning 12+: formal operational/ abstract thinking/detailed explanation incongruence actions don't align with one's self perception EOL pain intervention morphine, fetanyl, opioids, side-laying position EOL dyspnea intervention morphine, O2, bronchodilator, semifowlers EOL anxiety/restlessness intervention lorazepam, midazolam EOL nausea intervention ondansetron, metoclopramide, haloperidol EOL secretions (death rattle) intervention glycopyrrolate, scopolamine patches, atropine drops EOL constipation intervention senna, docusate, lactulose EOL emotional/spiritual intervention therapeutic presence, validate feelings, spiritual care EOL family intervention education, encouragement Imminent death signs dyspnea, death rattle, cheyne-stokes, pain, mottled skin, hallucinations Postpartum physical care washing, remove invasive devices, 2 ID tags postpartum documentation time/date of death, anyone notified, location of belongings, funeral home location Kubler-Ross stages of grief Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance Worden's four tasks of mourning accept reality of loss experience pain of loss adjust to environment without lost one create enduring connection with deceased whil embarking new life normal grief uncomplicated loss of close one anticipatory grief grief experienced prior to a loss Prolonged grief disorder grief that lasts 6+ months and interferes with ability to function Disenfranchised grief grief of a relationship that society does not deem justified functional medicine patient centered, focusing on root cause conventional medicine regular treatment commonly practiced in healthcare nonphamacological therapies mind-body-stress acupuncture-pain massage-tension imagery/music-anxiety aromatherapy-nausea CIH nurse role educate, check for interactions, collab with pharmacist, encourage safe use