UNE CHEM 1011 LAB FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
solution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-consists of a solvent (dissolving
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medium) and one or more solutes; most of its properites are dependent
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on the properties of the solute
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Colligative properties - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-properties of a solution
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that depend only on the number of particles dissolved in it, not the
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properties of the particles themselves. The main ones are boiling point
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elevation and freezing point depression.
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Boiling point - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-temeperature where vapor
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pressure equals atoms on the liquid;
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-elevated boiling points are related to: 1) # concentration of solute
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particles & 2) the nature of the solvent
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**solutions with non-volatile solutes have a decreased vapor pressure
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which means that an increased temp is req'd to boil the solution than a
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pure solvent|
how does solute affect freezing point - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the
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presence of the solute interferes with formation of a solid as th
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,eolutions cools; solutins with non-volatile solutes have a decreased
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freezing points than pure solvents
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hypotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-if a cell is placed in a salt
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concentration in a solution lower than that of the cell| | | | | | | | | |
| -->the water will move from the solution into the cell and will expand
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hypertonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the cell is placed in a
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solution of increased salt concentration and the ewater will move from
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the inside of the cell to the solution and cell with shrink
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osmotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the pressure that must be
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applied to stop the movement of solvent through the membrane
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chemical kinetics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a study of how quickly
| | | | | | | | |
chemical reactions occur and the factors that affect this speed
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reaction rate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-speed of a chemical reaction; a
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measure of the change in reactant concentrations over time
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| --> Rate= (concentration of A @t2 - conc of A @t1) / (t2-t1)
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differences in reaction rates that are independent vs dependent of
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concentration of reactant - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-** if reaction rate is
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, independent of concentration = the amount of reactant consumed and | | | | | | | | | |
time is LINEAR | | |
** if the reaction rate is dependent of concentration of reactant, the
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relationship is curvilinear | |
rate law equation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-rate = k [A]^x [B]^y
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| ** A & B = the concentrations of the reactants
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| ** x & y = the order of the reaction
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zero order - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-rate is independent of the reactnat's
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concentration and DOES NOT appear in rate law
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first order - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-will have an exponent of one; rate is
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directly proportional to any reactant (if concentration of reactant
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incrases by two (doubles) the rate will ALSO double
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second order - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-appear in rate law as the
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concentration of the reactant squared; if concentration of reactant is | | | | | | | | | |
doubled, the rate will increase by a factor of 4
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chemical system - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the reactants, products, and
| | | | | | | |
energy associated with a chemical reaction
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WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
solution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-consists of a solvent (dissolving
| | | | | | | |
medium) and one or more solutes; most of its properites are dependent
| | | | | | | | | | |
on the properties of the solute
| | | | | |
Colligative properties - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-properties of a solution
| | | | | | | |
that depend only on the number of particles dissolved in it, not the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
properties of the particles themselves. The main ones are boiling point
| | | | | | | | | | |
elevation and freezing point depression.
| | | |
Boiling point - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-temeperature where vapor
| | | | | | |
pressure equals atoms on the liquid;
| | | | | |
-elevated boiling points are related to: 1) # concentration of solute
| | | | | | | | | | | |
particles & 2) the nature of the solvent
| | | | | | |
**solutions with non-volatile solutes have a decreased vapor pressure
| | | | | | | | |
which means that an increased temp is req'd to boil the solution than a
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
pure solvent|
how does solute affect freezing point - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the
| | | | | | | | |
presence of the solute interferes with formation of a solid as th
| | | | | | | | | | | |
,eolutions cools; solutins with non-volatile solutes have a decreased
| | | | | | | | |
freezing points than pure solvents
| | | |
hypotonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-if a cell is placed in a salt
| | | | | | | | | | | |
concentration in a solution lower than that of the cell| | | | | | | | | |
| -->the water will move from the solution into the cell and will expand
| | | | | | | | | | | |
hypertonic solution - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the cell is placed in a
| | | | | | | | | |
solution of increased salt concentration and the ewater will move from
| | | | | | | | | | |
the inside of the cell to the solution and cell with shrink
| | | | | | | | | | |
osmotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the pressure that must be
| | | | | | | | |
applied to stop the movement of solvent through the membrane
| | | | | | | | |
chemical kinetics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-a study of how quickly
| | | | | | | | |
chemical reactions occur and the factors that affect this speed
| | | | | | | | |
reaction rate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-speed of a chemical reaction; a
| | | | | | | | | |
measure of the change in reactant concentrations over time
| | | | | | | |
| --> Rate= (concentration of A @t2 - conc of A @t1) / (t2-t1)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
differences in reaction rates that are independent vs dependent of
| | | | | | | | | |
concentration of reactant - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-** if reaction rate is
| | | | | | | | | |
, independent of concentration = the amount of reactant consumed and | | | | | | | | | |
time is LINEAR | | |
** if the reaction rate is dependent of concentration of reactant, the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
relationship is curvilinear | |
rate law equation - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-rate = k [A]^x [B]^y
| | | | | | | | |
| ** A & B = the concentrations of the reactants
| | | | | | | | | |
| ** x & y = the order of the reaction
| | | | | | | | |
zero order - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-rate is independent of the reactnat's
| | | | | | | | |
concentration and DOES NOT appear in rate law
| | | | | | | |
first order - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-will have an exponent of one; rate is
| | | | | | | | | | | |
directly proportional to any reactant (if concentration of reactant
| | | | | | | | |
incrases by two (doubles) the rate will ALSO double
| | | | | | | |
second order - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-appear in rate law as the
| | | | | | | | | |
concentration of the reactant squared; if concentration of reactant is | | | | | | | | | |
doubled, the rate will increase by a factor of 4
| | | | | | | | |
chemical system - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-the reactants, products, and
| | | | | | | |
energy associated with a chemical reaction
| | | | |
