UNE Chem 1011 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Intermolecular forces (IMFs) | |
the forces of attraction between molecules of covalent compounds
| | | | | | | | |
(weak)
Intramolecular forces |
forces within molecules. Forces caused by the attraction and repulsion
| | | | | | | | | |
of charged particles (strong)
| | |
Dispersion forces |
present in all molecules
| | |
attractions between molecules caused by the electron motion on one
| | | | | | | | | |
molecule affecting the electron motion on the other through electrical
| | | | | | | | | |
forces; these are the weakest interactions between molecules
| | | | | | |
polarizability
,the ability to be polarized. a larger molecule or a longer straight
| | | | | | | | | | | |
molecule has MORE polarizability
| | |
Dipole
a polar molecule that has two poles, or regions, with opposite charges
| | | | | | | | | | |
hydrogen bond forces | |
intermolecular force between molecules -- attraction between two
| | | | | | | |
water molecules.
|
Instantaneous dipole |
temporary dipole that occurs for a brief moment in time when the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
electrons of an atom or molecule are distributed asymmetrically
| | | | | | | | |
(through dispersion forces)
| |
Induced dipole |
a dipole temporarily created in an otherwise nonpolar molecule,
| | | | | | | | |
induced by a neighboring charge
| | | |
,Relation between atomic/molecular size and melting & boiling points
| | | | | | | |
melting and boiling points increase as atomic/molecule size increases
| | | | | | | |
Between polar and nonpolar molecules of the same mass, which tends
| | | | | | | | | | |
to have the higher boiling point?
| | | | |
Polar molecules have dipole-dipole attractions, which are stronger than
| | | | | | | | |
nonpolar dispersion factors. So, polar molecules have higher boiling
| | | | | | | | |
points.
Hydrogen bonded to __, __, or __ atoms creates a highly polar molecule
| | | | | | | | | | | |
fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen | |
(OH, HF, NH groups are signifiers of high polarity and therefore high
| | | | | | | | | | | |
boiling point) |
these bonds are so strong that it leaves a "naked nucleus" which
| | | | | | | | | | | |
increases the IMF force between molecules
| | | | |
, Viscosity
a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow.
| | | | | | |
cold = more viscous
| | |
Cohesive forces |
the result of the intermolecular forces that attract identical molecules
| | | | | | | | | |
(attraction between water molecules for example)
| | | | |
adhesive forces |
result of intermolecular forces between two different molecules (like
| | | | | | | | |
the liquid molecules and their container)
| | | | |
Surface tension |
caused by uneven (cohesive) forces at the surface of a liquid.
| | | | | | | | | |
increased surface tension causes the surface of a liquid to act like a
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
membrane
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Intermolecular forces (IMFs) | |
the forces of attraction between molecules of covalent compounds
| | | | | | | | |
(weak)
Intramolecular forces |
forces within molecules. Forces caused by the attraction and repulsion
| | | | | | | | | |
of charged particles (strong)
| | |
Dispersion forces |
present in all molecules
| | |
attractions between molecules caused by the electron motion on one
| | | | | | | | | |
molecule affecting the electron motion on the other through electrical
| | | | | | | | | |
forces; these are the weakest interactions between molecules
| | | | | | |
polarizability
,the ability to be polarized. a larger molecule or a longer straight
| | | | | | | | | | | |
molecule has MORE polarizability
| | |
Dipole
a polar molecule that has two poles, or regions, with opposite charges
| | | | | | | | | | |
hydrogen bond forces | |
intermolecular force between molecules -- attraction between two
| | | | | | | |
water molecules.
|
Instantaneous dipole |
temporary dipole that occurs for a brief moment in time when the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
electrons of an atom or molecule are distributed asymmetrically
| | | | | | | | |
(through dispersion forces)
| |
Induced dipole |
a dipole temporarily created in an otherwise nonpolar molecule,
| | | | | | | | |
induced by a neighboring charge
| | | |
,Relation between atomic/molecular size and melting & boiling points
| | | | | | | |
melting and boiling points increase as atomic/molecule size increases
| | | | | | | |
Between polar and nonpolar molecules of the same mass, which tends
| | | | | | | | | | |
to have the higher boiling point?
| | | | |
Polar molecules have dipole-dipole attractions, which are stronger than
| | | | | | | | |
nonpolar dispersion factors. So, polar molecules have higher boiling
| | | | | | | | |
points.
Hydrogen bonded to __, __, or __ atoms creates a highly polar molecule
| | | | | | | | | | | |
fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen | |
(OH, HF, NH groups are signifiers of high polarity and therefore high
| | | | | | | | | | | |
boiling point) |
these bonds are so strong that it leaves a "naked nucleus" which
| | | | | | | | | | | |
increases the IMF force between molecules
| | | | |
, Viscosity
a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow.
| | | | | | |
cold = more viscous
| | |
Cohesive forces |
the result of the intermolecular forces that attract identical molecules
| | | | | | | | | |
(attraction between water molecules for example)
| | | | |
adhesive forces |
result of intermolecular forces between two different molecules (like
| | | | | | | | |
the liquid molecules and their container)
| | | | |
Surface tension |
caused by uneven (cohesive) forces at the surface of a liquid.
| | | | | | | | | |
increased surface tension causes the surface of a liquid to act like a
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
membrane
