BSC 196 Exam #2 Questions With Correct
Answers
What are phylogenies? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Provide information
| | | | | | |
about relatedness among different groups and represent evolutionary
| | | | | | | |
relationships
How are phylogenies constructed? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Starts at
| | | | | | | |
ancestral lineage |
-Branch Point: Where lineages diverge
| | | |
-Basal Taxon = by itself
| | | |
-polytomy: an unresolved pattern of divergence.
| | | | |
Which types of characters are used in constructing phylogenies and
| | | | | | | | | |
why? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Homologous characters: phenotypic and
| | | | | |
genetic
| |
similarities based upon shared ancestry (most important)
| | | | | |
-Analogous characters: similarities between organisms due to
| | | | | | |
convergent evolution | |
-Homoplastic characters: analogous structures that arose independently
| | | | | |
,Monophyletic Groupings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Consists of the
| | | | | | |
ancestor species and all its descendants
| | | | | |
-Valid Clade|
Paraphyletic Groupings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Consists of an ancestral
| | | | | | |
species and some, but not
| | | | | |
all, of the descendants
| | |
Polyphyletic Groupings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Includes distantly
| | | | | |
related species but does not
| | | | |
include their most recent common ancestor
| | | | |
Horizontal Gene Transfer - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A process in which
| | | | | | | | |
genes are transferred from one genome to another through
| | | | | | | | |
mechanisms such as exchange of transposable elements and plasmids,
| | | | | | | | |
viral infection, and perhaps fusions of organisms. (transfer of genes
| | | | | | | | | |
between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction)
| | | | | | | |
Vertical Gene Transfer - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The transmission of
| | | | | | | |
genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual
| | | | | | | | | | |
reproduction.
, How do horizontal and vertical gene transfers affect our understanding
| | | | | | | | | |
of phylogenetic relationships? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Shows trees
| | | | | | |
using different genes can yield inconsistent results.
| | | | | |
What is the Linnean classification scheme? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-At
| | | | | | | | |
each level, or "rank," species are placed in groups within more inclusive
| | | | | | | | | | | |
groups
How do we currently organize (or classify) organisms using Linnean
| | | | | | | | | |
classification? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Species, Genus, Family, Order,
| | | | | | |
Class, Phylum, Kingdom, and (Domains)
| | | |
What are the defining features of the prokaryotes? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--Cell walls contain peptidoglycan | | |
-microscopic, but are very abundant | | | | |
-unicellular, although some species form colonies
| | | | | |
-0.5-5 μm |
-thrive almost everywhere, including places
| | | | |
too acidic, salty, cold, or hot for most other organisms
| | | | | | | | | |
-Come in multiple shapes (cocci, bacilli, spherical)
| | | | | |
-Reproduce Using Binary Fission | | |
Answers
What are phylogenies? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Provide information
| | | | | | |
about relatedness among different groups and represent evolutionary
| | | | | | | |
relationships
How are phylogenies constructed? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Starts at
| | | | | | | |
ancestral lineage |
-Branch Point: Where lineages diverge
| | | |
-Basal Taxon = by itself
| | | |
-polytomy: an unresolved pattern of divergence.
| | | | |
Which types of characters are used in constructing phylogenies and
| | | | | | | | | |
why? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Homologous characters: phenotypic and
| | | | | |
genetic
| |
similarities based upon shared ancestry (most important)
| | | | | |
-Analogous characters: similarities between organisms due to
| | | | | | |
convergent evolution | |
-Homoplastic characters: analogous structures that arose independently
| | | | | |
,Monophyletic Groupings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔--Consists of the
| | | | | | |
ancestor species and all its descendants
| | | | | |
-Valid Clade|
Paraphyletic Groupings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Consists of an ancestral
| | | | | | |
species and some, but not
| | | | | |
all, of the descendants
| | |
Polyphyletic Groupings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Includes distantly
| | | | | |
related species but does not
| | | | |
include their most recent common ancestor
| | | | |
Horizontal Gene Transfer - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A process in which
| | | | | | | | |
genes are transferred from one genome to another through
| | | | | | | | |
mechanisms such as exchange of transposable elements and plasmids,
| | | | | | | | |
viral infection, and perhaps fusions of organisms. (transfer of genes
| | | | | | | | | |
between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction)
| | | | | | | |
Vertical Gene Transfer - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-The transmission of
| | | | | | | |
genes from the parental generation to offspring via sexual or asexual
| | | | | | | | | | |
reproduction.
, How do horizontal and vertical gene transfers affect our understanding
| | | | | | | | | |
of phylogenetic relationships? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Shows trees
| | | | | | |
using different genes can yield inconsistent results.
| | | | | |
What is the Linnean classification scheme? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-At
| | | | | | | | |
each level, or "rank," species are placed in groups within more inclusive
| | | | | | | | | | | |
groups
How do we currently organize (or classify) organisms using Linnean
| | | | | | | | | |
classification? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Species, Genus, Family, Order,
| | | | | | |
Class, Phylum, Kingdom, and (Domains)
| | | |
What are the defining features of the prokaryotes? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔--Cell walls contain peptidoglycan | | |
-microscopic, but are very abundant | | | | |
-unicellular, although some species form colonies
| | | | | |
-0.5-5 μm |
-thrive almost everywhere, including places
| | | | |
too acidic, salty, cold, or hot for most other organisms
| | | | | | | | | |
-Come in multiple shapes (cocci, bacilli, spherical)
| | | | | |
-Reproduce Using Binary Fission | | |
