BIL 150 FINAL EXAM-MALLERY|| 123 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
## SECTION 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD & CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
### Question 1
What is the first step of the scientific method according to the hypothetico-
deductive model?
A. Formulate a hypothesis
B. Design an experiment
C. Observation of a phenomenon in the natural world
D. Make a prediction
**Answer: C. Observation of a phenomenon in the natural world**
**Rationale:** The scientific process begins with **observation**. The
hypothetico-deductive model starts by observing a natural phenomenon, then
postulating a question, formulating multiple hypotheses, making predictions for
each hypothesis, and finally designing experiments to test those predictions .
The goal of experimentation is to **falsify** the hypothesis, not prove it .
---
### Question 2
,Which type of reasoning moves from specific observations to general
conclusions?
A. Deductive reasoning
B. Inductive reasoning
C. Abductive reasoning
D. Hypothetical reasoning
**Answer: B. Inductive reasoning**
**Rationale:** **Inductive reasoning** creates generalizations from
observed repeated events, moving from specific to general. For example:
"Sparrows are birds, birds have wings, and birds can fly." In contrast,
**deductive reasoning** applies a known generalization to something unknown
(general to specific), such as: "If all birds have feathered wings and a robin is a
bird, then robins have feathered wings" .
---
### Question 3
A hypothesis that has been repeatedly confirmed through experimental testing
over a long period of time is referred to as a:
A. Guess
B. Law
C. Theory
, D. Prediction
**Answer: C. Theory**
**Rationale:** A **theory** is a hypothesis that has been experimentally
tested over a long period of time and supported repeatedly . It represents a
well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world. The
statement "It is often noted via the scientific method that hypotheses are never
proven, only disproven" is true because science operates through falsification .
---
### Question 4
What is the most effective way to present just the numerical values of raw data
collected in an experiment?
A. Bar graph
B. Pie chart
C. Scatter plot
D. Table
**Answer: D. Table**
**Rationale:** A **table** is the most effective way to emphasize just the
numerical values of raw data collected in an experiment . While graphs and
charts are useful for visualizing trends and patterns, tables present the exact
numerical values clearly and precisely, making them ideal for raw data
AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
## SECTION 1: SCIENTIFIC METHOD & CHEMISTRY OF LIFE
### Question 1
What is the first step of the scientific method according to the hypothetico-
deductive model?
A. Formulate a hypothesis
B. Design an experiment
C. Observation of a phenomenon in the natural world
D. Make a prediction
**Answer: C. Observation of a phenomenon in the natural world**
**Rationale:** The scientific process begins with **observation**. The
hypothetico-deductive model starts by observing a natural phenomenon, then
postulating a question, formulating multiple hypotheses, making predictions for
each hypothesis, and finally designing experiments to test those predictions .
The goal of experimentation is to **falsify** the hypothesis, not prove it .
---
### Question 2
,Which type of reasoning moves from specific observations to general
conclusions?
A. Deductive reasoning
B. Inductive reasoning
C. Abductive reasoning
D. Hypothetical reasoning
**Answer: B. Inductive reasoning**
**Rationale:** **Inductive reasoning** creates generalizations from
observed repeated events, moving from specific to general. For example:
"Sparrows are birds, birds have wings, and birds can fly." In contrast,
**deductive reasoning** applies a known generalization to something unknown
(general to specific), such as: "If all birds have feathered wings and a robin is a
bird, then robins have feathered wings" .
---
### Question 3
A hypothesis that has been repeatedly confirmed through experimental testing
over a long period of time is referred to as a:
A. Guess
B. Law
C. Theory
, D. Prediction
**Answer: C. Theory**
**Rationale:** A **theory** is a hypothesis that has been experimentally
tested over a long period of time and supported repeatedly . It represents a
well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world. The
statement "It is often noted via the scientific method that hypotheses are never
proven, only disproven" is true because science operates through falsification .
---
### Question 4
What is the most effective way to present just the numerical values of raw data
collected in an experiment?
A. Bar graph
B. Pie chart
C. Scatter plot
D. Table
**Answer: D. Table**
**Rationale:** A **table** is the most effective way to emphasize just the
numerical values of raw data collected in an experiment . While graphs and
charts are useful for visualizing trends and patterns, tables present the exact
numerical values clearly and precisely, making them ideal for raw data
