COMLEX 1 Content "Straight Facts" Deck
1. Histology of Leydig cell tumors: Reinke crystals (rod-shaped intracytoplasmic crystal like inclusions
with round ends) in the interstitial cells of the testis
2. Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by...: Pt. has >=1 hypomanic episode with >=1 major
depressive episode with no manic episode.
3. What has multiple white matter plaques?: multiple sclerosis
4. What has global cortical atrophy on brain imaging?: Alzheimer disease
5. Gram neg, facultative intracellular rod that infects alveolar macrophages.
Associated with contaminated water or soil.: Legionella pneumophila
6. Mycolic acid-rich bacterium: Mycobacterium species
7. What bacteria is the most common cause of UTI and what is the treatment?-
: E. coli and treatment is sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim for 3 days.
8. Genetic cause of achondroplasia: Continuous activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
9. What type of drug is Phenytoin?: cytochrome P450-inducing anticonvulsants or antiseizure med-
ication.
10. Phenytoin AE?: Causes increased vitamin D catabolism and decreased bone mineral density, ultimately
leading to an increased risk of developing osteopenia/osteoporosis.
11. Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factor: M protein
12. What is the drug class of choice to address psychomotor agitation and
cocaine-induced chest pain?: Benzodiazepine
13. Triad for Reactive Arthritis: 1. conjunctivitis
2. urethritis
3. arthritis
**Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree"
14. Reactive Arthritis epidemiology and causes: *Age 20-50
*Triggered by bacterial infections, most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis (sexually acquired) or food poisoning
(Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia).
15. Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC): chronic, progressive autoimmune disease where the immune
system attacks and destroys the small bile ducts in the liver.
16. What type of antibodies are seen in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)?: anti-mi-
tochondrial antibodies/AMA
17. Sickle Cell has a mutation on what chromosome?: 11p15.5. substitution of valine for
glutamic acid on the β-globulin gene
, COMLEX 1 Content "Straight Facts" Deck
18. What is the pediatric presentation of sickle cell disease?: 1. stroke
2. pain crisis (vaso-occlusive)
3. Acute chest syndrome
4. splenic sequestration (May see meningitis or encapsulated bacteria)
19. Tumor marker for ovarian carcinoma: CA 125
20. Tumor marker for pancreatic cancer: CA 19-9 (CEA is a less specific marker)
21. A common childhood cancer that usually arises in the adrenal medulla.
Homer wright rosettes are seen on biopsy.: Neuroblastoma
22. Most common renal malignancy in young children. It arises from the
metanephric blastema of the kidney. Biopsy shows primitive tubes with a ring
around true lumens.: Nephroblastoma
23. Bladder chapman point: periumbilical region. Patient will have painless gross or microscopic hema-
turia with bladder cancer. DO NOT CONFUSE WITH KIDNEY.
24. Kidney chapman point: 1 inch lateral and 1 inch superior to the umbilicus. DO NOT CONFUSE WITH
BLADDER ISSUE.
25. Reaction that starts with an initial herald patch, and spreads into a diffuse
rash with a "Christmas tree" pattern: Pityriasis rosea
26. Meningitis presents with the triad of...: 1. fever
2. nuchal rigidity (can't move neck in any direction)
3. altered mental status.
27. Type 1 diabetes results from what mechanism?: gradual autoimmune destruction of beta
cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
28. Hashimoto thyroiditis, the most common cause of hypothyroidism in io-
dine-sufficient regions of the world, tests positive for what antibodies?: antimi-
crosomal
29. Failure of caudal neuropore closure causes...: spina bifida
30. What is a potential neurological complication that occurs 7 to 10 years after
rubeola infection and is eventually fatal.: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
31. A defense mechanism used in an attempt to justify attitudes, beliefs, or
behaviors that may otherwise be problematic or uncomfortable.: rationalization
32. Koplik spots, which are seen on the buccal mucosa, are associated with...-
: Rubeola (or measles) infection
1. Histology of Leydig cell tumors: Reinke crystals (rod-shaped intracytoplasmic crystal like inclusions
with round ends) in the interstitial cells of the testis
2. Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by...: Pt. has >=1 hypomanic episode with >=1 major
depressive episode with no manic episode.
3. What has multiple white matter plaques?: multiple sclerosis
4. What has global cortical atrophy on brain imaging?: Alzheimer disease
5. Gram neg, facultative intracellular rod that infects alveolar macrophages.
Associated with contaminated water or soil.: Legionella pneumophila
6. Mycolic acid-rich bacterium: Mycobacterium species
7. What bacteria is the most common cause of UTI and what is the treatment?-
: E. coli and treatment is sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim for 3 days.
8. Genetic cause of achondroplasia: Continuous activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
9. What type of drug is Phenytoin?: cytochrome P450-inducing anticonvulsants or antiseizure med-
ication.
10. Phenytoin AE?: Causes increased vitamin D catabolism and decreased bone mineral density, ultimately
leading to an increased risk of developing osteopenia/osteoporosis.
11. Streptococcus pyogenes virulence factor: M protein
12. What is the drug class of choice to address psychomotor agitation and
cocaine-induced chest pain?: Benzodiazepine
13. Triad for Reactive Arthritis: 1. conjunctivitis
2. urethritis
3. arthritis
**Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree"
14. Reactive Arthritis epidemiology and causes: *Age 20-50
*Triggered by bacterial infections, most commonly Chlamydia trachomatis (sexually acquired) or food poisoning
(Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia).
15. Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC): chronic, progressive autoimmune disease where the immune
system attacks and destroys the small bile ducts in the liver.
16. What type of antibodies are seen in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)?: anti-mi-
tochondrial antibodies/AMA
17. Sickle Cell has a mutation on what chromosome?: 11p15.5. substitution of valine for
glutamic acid on the β-globulin gene
, COMLEX 1 Content "Straight Facts" Deck
18. What is the pediatric presentation of sickle cell disease?: 1. stroke
2. pain crisis (vaso-occlusive)
3. Acute chest syndrome
4. splenic sequestration (May see meningitis or encapsulated bacteria)
19. Tumor marker for ovarian carcinoma: CA 125
20. Tumor marker for pancreatic cancer: CA 19-9 (CEA is a less specific marker)
21. A common childhood cancer that usually arises in the adrenal medulla.
Homer wright rosettes are seen on biopsy.: Neuroblastoma
22. Most common renal malignancy in young children. It arises from the
metanephric blastema of the kidney. Biopsy shows primitive tubes with a ring
around true lumens.: Nephroblastoma
23. Bladder chapman point: periumbilical region. Patient will have painless gross or microscopic hema-
turia with bladder cancer. DO NOT CONFUSE WITH KIDNEY.
24. Kidney chapman point: 1 inch lateral and 1 inch superior to the umbilicus. DO NOT CONFUSE WITH
BLADDER ISSUE.
25. Reaction that starts with an initial herald patch, and spreads into a diffuse
rash with a "Christmas tree" pattern: Pityriasis rosea
26. Meningitis presents with the triad of...: 1. fever
2. nuchal rigidity (can't move neck in any direction)
3. altered mental status.
27. Type 1 diabetes results from what mechanism?: gradual autoimmune destruction of beta
cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. leading to absolute insulin deficiency.
28. Hashimoto thyroiditis, the most common cause of hypothyroidism in io-
dine-sufficient regions of the world, tests positive for what antibodies?: antimi-
crosomal
29. Failure of caudal neuropore closure causes...: spina bifida
30. What is a potential neurological complication that occurs 7 to 10 years after
rubeola infection and is eventually fatal.: Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
31. A defense mechanism used in an attempt to justify attitudes, beliefs, or
behaviors that may otherwise be problematic or uncomfortable.: rationalization
32. Koplik spots, which are seen on the buccal mucosa, are associated with...-
: Rubeola (or measles) infection
