Anatomy & Physiology II Final Exam
Questions & Answers PDF | A&P 2
Comprehensive Test Prep Study Guide for
High-Score Success
• This comprehensive A&P II exam prep guide contains 200 carefully crafted
multiple-choice questions designed to test your understanding across all major
body systems covered in a second-semester Anatomy & Physiology course.
• Each question features 5 options (A–E), the correct answer bolded and highlighted,
followed by a clear EXPERT RATIONALE — making active recall and self-assessment
straightforward and effective.
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II FINAL EXAM — 200 QUESTIONS
1. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the systemic
circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
E. Interventricular septum
EXPERT RATIONALE: The left ventricle has the thickest walls and generates enough
pressure to pump oxygenated blood through the aorta to the entire body.
2. What is the correct path of blood through the heart starting from the right
atrium?
A. Right atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs
B. Right atrium → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta
,C. Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs
D. Right atrium → aorta → systemic circulation
E. Right atrium → pulmonary veins → left ventricle
EXPERT RATIONALE: Deoxygenated blood flows from the right atrium through the
tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, then out through the pulmonary artery to the
lungs for oxygenation.
3. Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left
ventricle?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Pulmonary valve
D. Aortic semilunar valve
E. Bicuspid valve
EXPERT RATIONALE: The aortic semilunar valve closes after ventricular systole to
prevent oxygenated blood from flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta.
4. The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which part of the heart?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
E. Interventricular septum
EXPERT RATIONALE: The SA node, the heart's natural pacemaker, is located in the
posterior wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava.
,5. What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Atrial repolarization
C. Ventricular depolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization
E. SA node firing
EXPERT RATIONALE: The QRS complex represents the electrical depolarization of the
ventricles, which immediately precedes ventricular contraction (systole).
6. Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Umbilical artery
C. Superior vena cava
D. Pulmonary vein
E. Inferior vena cava
EXPERT RATIONALE: The pulmonary veins are unique veins that carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs back to the left atrium, unlike most veins that carry deoxygenated blood.
7. Cardiac output is calculated by:
A. Stroke volume divided by heart rate
B. Heart rate plus stroke volume
C. Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
D. Blood pressure divided by peripheral resistance
E. End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume only
, EXPERT RATIONALE: Cardiac output (CO) = Heart Rate (HR) × Stroke Volume (SV). It
represents the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
8. What is the normal resting cardiac output in a healthy adult?
A. 1–2 L/min
B. 3–4 L/min
C. 4–5 L/min
D. 7–8 L/min
E. 10–12 L/min
EXPERT RATIONALE: At rest, the average adult heart pumps approximately 4–5 liters of
blood per minute, which roughly equals the total blood volume.
9. Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for contraction?
A. Epicardium
B. Pericardium
C. Myocardium
D. Endocardium
E. Fibrous pericardium
EXPERT RATIONALE: The myocardium is the thick middle muscular layer of the heart
composed of cardiac muscle cells that contract to pump blood.
10. Starling's Law of the Heart states that:
A. Heart rate increases when blood pressure drops
B. Stroke volume decreases with increased venous return
C. The force of contraction increases as the heart fills with more blood
Questions & Answers PDF | A&P 2
Comprehensive Test Prep Study Guide for
High-Score Success
• This comprehensive A&P II exam prep guide contains 200 carefully crafted
multiple-choice questions designed to test your understanding across all major
body systems covered in a second-semester Anatomy & Physiology course.
• Each question features 5 options (A–E), the correct answer bolded and highlighted,
followed by a clear EXPERT RATIONALE — making active recall and self-assessment
straightforward and effective.
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II FINAL EXAM — 200 QUESTIONS
1. Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the systemic
circulation?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle
E. Interventricular septum
EXPERT RATIONALE: The left ventricle has the thickest walls and generates enough
pressure to pump oxygenated blood through the aorta to the entire body.
2. What is the correct path of blood through the heart starting from the right
atrium?
A. Right atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs
B. Right atrium → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta
,C. Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs
D. Right atrium → aorta → systemic circulation
E. Right atrium → pulmonary veins → left ventricle
EXPERT RATIONALE: Deoxygenated blood flows from the right atrium through the
tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, then out through the pulmonary artery to the
lungs for oxygenation.
3. Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the aorta into the left
ventricle?
A. Tricuspid valve
B. Mitral valve
C. Pulmonary valve
D. Aortic semilunar valve
E. Bicuspid valve
EXPERT RATIONALE: The aortic semilunar valve closes after ventricular systole to
prevent oxygenated blood from flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta.
4. The sinoatrial (SA) node is located in which part of the heart?
A. Right atrium
B. Left atrium
C. Right ventricle
D. Left ventricle
E. Interventricular septum
EXPERT RATIONALE: The SA node, the heart's natural pacemaker, is located in the
posterior wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava.
,5. What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?
A. Atrial depolarization
B. Atrial repolarization
C. Ventricular depolarization
D. Ventricular repolarization
E. SA node firing
EXPERT RATIONALE: The QRS complex represents the electrical depolarization of the
ventricles, which immediately precedes ventricular contraction (systole).
6. Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?
A. Pulmonary artery
B. Umbilical artery
C. Superior vena cava
D. Pulmonary vein
E. Inferior vena cava
EXPERT RATIONALE: The pulmonary veins are unique veins that carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs back to the left atrium, unlike most veins that carry deoxygenated blood.
7. Cardiac output is calculated by:
A. Stroke volume divided by heart rate
B. Heart rate plus stroke volume
C. Heart rate multiplied by stroke volume
D. Blood pressure divided by peripheral resistance
E. End-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume only
, EXPERT RATIONALE: Cardiac output (CO) = Heart Rate (HR) × Stroke Volume (SV). It
represents the total volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute.
8. What is the normal resting cardiac output in a healthy adult?
A. 1–2 L/min
B. 3–4 L/min
C. 4–5 L/min
D. 7–8 L/min
E. 10–12 L/min
EXPERT RATIONALE: At rest, the average adult heart pumps approximately 4–5 liters of
blood per minute, which roughly equals the total blood volume.
9. Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for contraction?
A. Epicardium
B. Pericardium
C. Myocardium
D. Endocardium
E. Fibrous pericardium
EXPERT RATIONALE: The myocardium is the thick middle muscular layer of the heart
composed of cardiac muscle cells that contract to pump blood.
10. Starling's Law of the Heart states that:
A. Heart rate increases when blood pressure drops
B. Stroke volume decreases with increased venous return
C. The force of contraction increases as the heart fills with more blood
