ATI MED SURG TEST EXAM 2 2026
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CARE PLANS
REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS VERIFIED
GUIDE
◉ the three risk factors of the Virchow's Triad for Venous
thromoembolism?
Answer: 1. venous stasis
2. blood vessel damage
3. altered coagulation
◉ what is the ankle-brachial index used for?
Answer: the degree of stenosis in the extremities. Helps to
determine arterial blood flow
◉ Rubor, when observed with the extremity in a dependent position
could suggest what?
Answer: severe peripheral arterial damage
◉ Intermittent claudication is a complication of what?
Answer: peripheral arterial insufficiency
,◉ what are capillaries?
Answer: single layers blood vessels that allows for gas and nutrient
exchange
◉ heparin toxicity, prepare to administer?
Answer: protamine sulfate
◉ for coumadin toxicity, prepare to administer?
Answer: vitamin K
◉ proteins such as albumin create?
Answer: oncotic pressure which pulls from the Interstitial fluid into
the intravascular compartment to maintain volume
◉ Hydrostatic pressure ?
Answer: moves fluid from intravascular compartment to the
intercellular compartment
◉ Heparin and coumadin may be given together until the INR is
therapeutic between what range?
Answer: 2-3 INR
◉ compression stockings?
,Answer: apply prior to the patient getting out of the bed and remove
at night
◉ key complication of anti-coagulant therapy?
Answer: bleeding
◉ education for anticoagulants?
Answer: take at the same time everyday
notify provider of any signs of bleeding
◉ anticoagulants?
Answer: are given to prevent clots from getting larger but they do
not dissolve clots
◉ classic sign of deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: edema to the extremity
warmth
tenderness or fullness in the legs
◉ education for the patient with a pacemaker?
Answer: how to take their pulse
, avoid raising the hands over the head for 2 weeks or heavy lifting
following insertion of a cardiac device
◉ How often are pacemakers monitored?
Answer: every 4 weeks
◉ Pacemaker malfunction could result in?
Answer: bradycardia and decrease heart rate
◉ The SA node is observed on the EKG by what?
Answer: the P wave
◉ On an EKG, U wave is sometimes seen in the setting of?
Answer: hypokalemia
◉ On an EKG, the ST segment represents?
Answer: early ventricular repolarization
◉ On an EKG, the T wave represents?
Answer: ventricular repolarization
◉ On an EKG, the QRS represent?
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CARE PLANS
REVIEW QUESTIONS ANSWERS VERIFIED
GUIDE
◉ the three risk factors of the Virchow's Triad for Venous
thromoembolism?
Answer: 1. venous stasis
2. blood vessel damage
3. altered coagulation
◉ what is the ankle-brachial index used for?
Answer: the degree of stenosis in the extremities. Helps to
determine arterial blood flow
◉ Rubor, when observed with the extremity in a dependent position
could suggest what?
Answer: severe peripheral arterial damage
◉ Intermittent claudication is a complication of what?
Answer: peripheral arterial insufficiency
,◉ what are capillaries?
Answer: single layers blood vessels that allows for gas and nutrient
exchange
◉ heparin toxicity, prepare to administer?
Answer: protamine sulfate
◉ for coumadin toxicity, prepare to administer?
Answer: vitamin K
◉ proteins such as albumin create?
Answer: oncotic pressure which pulls from the Interstitial fluid into
the intravascular compartment to maintain volume
◉ Hydrostatic pressure ?
Answer: moves fluid from intravascular compartment to the
intercellular compartment
◉ Heparin and coumadin may be given together until the INR is
therapeutic between what range?
Answer: 2-3 INR
◉ compression stockings?
,Answer: apply prior to the patient getting out of the bed and remove
at night
◉ key complication of anti-coagulant therapy?
Answer: bleeding
◉ education for anticoagulants?
Answer: take at the same time everyday
notify provider of any signs of bleeding
◉ anticoagulants?
Answer: are given to prevent clots from getting larger but they do
not dissolve clots
◉ classic sign of deep vein thrombosis?
Answer: edema to the extremity
warmth
tenderness or fullness in the legs
◉ education for the patient with a pacemaker?
Answer: how to take their pulse
, avoid raising the hands over the head for 2 weeks or heavy lifting
following insertion of a cardiac device
◉ How often are pacemakers monitored?
Answer: every 4 weeks
◉ Pacemaker malfunction could result in?
Answer: bradycardia and decrease heart rate
◉ The SA node is observed on the EKG by what?
Answer: the P wave
◉ On an EKG, U wave is sometimes seen in the setting of?
Answer: hypokalemia
◉ On an EKG, the ST segment represents?
Answer: early ventricular repolarization
◉ On an EKG, the T wave represents?
Answer: ventricular repolarization
◉ On an EKG, the QRS represent?
