BIOS 242/ BIOS 242 Lab Practicum Review Fundamentals of Microbiology: Microscopy, Staining, Aseptic Technique & Media | (Latest 2026/2027 Update) | Complete Exam Questions with Verified Answers and Detailed Rationales | A+ Graded

INSTANT PDF DOWNLOAD - This is the comprehensive Lab Practicum Review for BIOS 242 Fundamentals of Microbiology with Lab at Chamberlain University (Latest 2026/2027 Update), featuring verified exam questions with correct answers and detailed rationales. Covers microscopy (parts, magnification calculation, resolution, contrast, oil immersion), staining techniques (Gram stain steps: crystal violet, iodine, decolorizer, safranin; Gram-positive purple thick peptidoglycan, Gram-negative pink thin peptidoglycan; acid-fast, endospore, capsule stains), aseptic technique and the Five I's (inoculation, incubation, isolation, inspection, identification), streak plate method for pure colony isolation, culture media types (liquid broth, semisolid, solid agar), selective and differential media (MSA, MacConkey, EMB), biochemical tests (catalase, oxidase, coagulase, fermentation with phenol red), bacterial morphology (cocci, bacilli, spirilla, vibrio, spirochete), arrangements (streptococci, staphylococci, diplococci, tetrads, sarcinae), hemolysis patterns on blood agar (alpha partial green, beta complete clear, gamma none), Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test with zone of inhibition measurement, biosafety levels (BSL-1 to BSL-4), sterilization vs disinfection vs antisepsis, and microbial growth control methods . 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BIOS 242 Lab Practicum Chamberlain BIOS242 Microbiology Lab Review microscope ocular lens 10x magnification objective lenses 4x 10x 40x 100x oil immersion magnification calculation ocular times objective resolution clarity distinguish adjacent objects contrast difference light intensity oil immersion prevents light refraction 100x lens parfocal focus remains when changing objectives working distance objective lens to slide course focus knob initial focusing fine focus knob sharpening image iris diaphragm controls light intensity condenser lens focuses light onto specimen Gram stain developed Hans Christian Gram crystal violet primary stain all bacteria purple Gram iodine mordant fixes crystal violet decolorizer alcohol acetone removes Gram negative stain safranin counterstain colors Gram negative pink Gram positive thick peptidoglycan purple stain Gram negative thin peptidoglycan outer membrane pink stain acid fast stain Mycobacteria tuberculosis leprae carbol fuchsin primary stain acid fast methylene blue counterstain non acid fast endospore stain Bacillus Clostridium malachite green endospore stain vegetative cell pink endospore green capsule stain negative stain background Five I's inoculation incubation isolation inspection identification inoculation introducing microbes media incubation optimal temperature growth isolation separating individual colonies inspection macroscopic microscopic observation identification biochemical genetic characterization sterile aseptic technique necessary inoculating media colony discrete mound cells solid nutrient surface streak plate method thins sample separates cells inoculating loop transfers bacteria inoculating needle stabs bacteria incinerator sterilizes loops needles liquid broth no solidifying agent semisolid media gelatin agar motility testing solid agar colony isolation surface growth agar complex polysaccharide red algae melts 100C solidifies 42C selective media inhibits some microbes differential media visual difference between microbes enriched media blood serum fastidious organisms MSA mannitol salt agar selective staphylococci MSA yellow S aureus ferments mannitol MacConkey agar selective Gram negative MacConkey pink lactose fermenter EMB eosin methylene blue fecal coliforms PEA phenylethyl alcohol inhibits Gram negative blood agar hemolysis patterns alpha hemolysis partial greenish beta hemolysis complete clear Streptococcus pyogenes gamma hemolysis no change catalase test hydrogen peroxide bubbles positive staphylococci catalase negative no bubbles streptococci coagulase test S aureus plasma clumping oxidase test cytochrome c oxidase purple positive fermentation test phenol red pH indicator phenol red yellow acidic below pH 6.8 positive fermentation phenol red red neutral negative Durham tube traps gas bubbles Kirby Bauer disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity zone of inhibition measure susceptibility antibiogram antimicrobial sensitivity profile bactericidal kills bacteria bacteriostatic inhibits bacterial growth disinfection inanimate surfaces reduces MOST microbes antisepsis living surfaces reduces MOST microbes sterilization destroys ALL microbial life autoclave sterilization 15 psi 121C 15 minutes pasteurization reduces spoilage organisms not endospores BSL1 no disease healthy adults Micrococcus BSL2 moderate risk Staphylococcus aureus BSL3 serious disease Mycobacterium tuberculosis BSL4 lethal Ebola virus fomite inanimate object transmits infection vector living organism transmits disease binary fission bacterial reproduction generation time doubling time obligate aerobe requires oxygen facultative anaerobe grows with without oxygen obligate anaerobe killed by oxygen capnophile requires elevated CO2 halophile high salt concentration biofilm microbial community polysaccharide matrix quorum sensing cell density communication pure culture single species colony mixed culture multiple species contaminant unwanted microbe A+ Grade BIOS 242 Study Guide