CJUS 400 Quiz 1: Criminal Law: Fundamentals, Limits, Responsibility, and Defenses | Questions and Answers | 2026 Update | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.

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, CJUS 400 Quiz 1: Criminal Law:
Fundamentals, Limits, Responsibility, and
Defenses | Questions and Answers | 2026
Update | WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.


SECTION 1: CRIMINAL LAW FUNDAMENTALS – SOURCES
& ELEMENTS (Questions 1-12)
Question 1
To be enforceable, state criminal laws must be consistent with:

A) Civil law
B) Substantive law
C) Procedural law
D) The US and State Constitutions

Answer: D) The US and State Constitutions

Rationale: All criminal laws, whether federal or state, must conform to the
constitutional requirements of the U.S. Constitution and the respective state
constitution . The Supremacy Clause establishes that the U.S. Constitution is
the supreme law of the land, and any state law that conflicts with
constitutional provisions—such as those protecting due process, equal
protection, or other fundamental rights—is unenforceable.




Question 2
The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that:

A) States treat all people as individuals
B) States treat all people generously
C) Private groups treat all people alike
D) States treat all people alike