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, CHAPTER 3_ INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INSTITUTIONS_ THE UNITED NATIONS.pdf CHAPTER 3_ INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INSTITUTIONS_ THE UNITED NATIONS.pdf CHAPTER 3_ INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INSTITUTIONS_ THE UNITED NATIONS.pdf
Properties of Systems Systems have an imaginary “step-level change” line; crossing it transforms the system
into another system and requires new rules.
- Equilibrium vs. Disequilibrium: Equilibrium is a steady state; crossing the step-level
line breaks it irreversibly, forcing a new equilibrium.
- Stability vs. Instability: A system is stable if changes stay within limits and reversible;
unstable if changes exceed normal bounds, possibly altering structure or process.
Stability and Equilibrium Graph
The International System The international system is made up of multiple overlapping systems.
International System vs. International Society: International System (Hedley Bull): States interact enough to influence each other’s
decisions and behave as parts of a whole.
International Society: States share common interests, values, rules, and institutions
binding their relations.
CHAPTER 3_ INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INSTITUTIONS_ THE UNITED NATIONS.pdf CHAPTER 3_ INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INSTITUTIONS_ THE UNITED NATIONS.pdf CHAPTER 3_ INTERNATIONAL SECURITY INSTITUTIONS_ THE UNITED NATIONS.pdf