INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS DATA
COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION TEST
PAPER 2026
◉ Descriptive statistics
Answer: Using only the information at hand to describe the selected
group of individuals
◉ Inferential statistics
Answer: Using the information at hand to make a larger, more
general statement about the entire population of
individuals
◉ Statistical analysis
Answer: All the ways of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the
data
◉ Statistical study
Answer: A way to collect information from individuals
,◉ Statistics
Answer: The study of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and
presenting information
◉ Available Data
Answer: Data collected by some other entity - a government
organization or private company.
◉ Raw Data
Answer: Unorganized, unprocessed, and not summarized. Typically,
this is data that is not already available.
◉ Bias
Answer: The systematic favoring of certain outcomes in a study.
There are many ways to introduce bias into a study.
◉ Data
Answer: Information used in a study to answer a statistical question
◉ Qualitative (Categorical) Data
Answer: Data that describes. It can't be measured or used for
arithmetic.
, Data whose values are the names of categories. These can be
numbers, but not the kinds of numbers with
which it makes sense to do any numerical operations.
◉ Nominal Level of Measurement
Answer: Qualitative data where the order in which the categories
are presented does not matter.
◉ Ordinal Level of Measurement
Answer: Qualitative data where the order in which the categories
are presented matters.
◉ Quantitative (Numerical) Data
Answer: Data that is numerical. It can be measured and it can be
used for arithmetic. .
Data whose values are numbers and it makes sense to do numerical
operations.
ex. Weight, commute time to work, outdoor temp
◉ Nominal Data
Answer: Categorical data with qualities that cannot be ordered or
ranked.
COLLECTION AND PRESENTATION TEST
PAPER 2026
◉ Descriptive statistics
Answer: Using only the information at hand to describe the selected
group of individuals
◉ Inferential statistics
Answer: Using the information at hand to make a larger, more
general statement about the entire population of
individuals
◉ Statistical analysis
Answer: All the ways of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting the
data
◉ Statistical study
Answer: A way to collect information from individuals
,◉ Statistics
Answer: The study of collecting, analyzing, interpreting, and
presenting information
◉ Available Data
Answer: Data collected by some other entity - a government
organization or private company.
◉ Raw Data
Answer: Unorganized, unprocessed, and not summarized. Typically,
this is data that is not already available.
◉ Bias
Answer: The systematic favoring of certain outcomes in a study.
There are many ways to introduce bias into a study.
◉ Data
Answer: Information used in a study to answer a statistical question
◉ Qualitative (Categorical) Data
Answer: Data that describes. It can't be measured or used for
arithmetic.
, Data whose values are the names of categories. These can be
numbers, but not the kinds of numbers with
which it makes sense to do any numerical operations.
◉ Nominal Level of Measurement
Answer: Qualitative data where the order in which the categories
are presented does not matter.
◉ Ordinal Level of Measurement
Answer: Qualitative data where the order in which the categories
are presented matters.
◉ Quantitative (Numerical) Data
Answer: Data that is numerical. It can be measured and it can be
used for arithmetic. .
Data whose values are numbers and it makes sense to do numerical
operations.
ex. Weight, commute time to work, outdoor temp
◉ Nominal Data
Answer: Categorical data with qualities that cannot be ordered or
ranked.
