TEST BANK FOR PHARMACOLOGY FOR NURSES, A
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH, 4TH CANADIAN EDITION
BY ADAMS - 2026 PUBLISHED (ALL CHAPTERS INCLUDED)
Pharmacology -ANSWER-Study of medicine; how drugs are administered; where drugs travel
in the body, Response that drugs produce.
Pharmacotherapy -ANSWER-is the application of drugs for: disease treatment; alleviation of
suffering.
Pharmacology is challenging and always changing. Many drugs prescribed for more than one
disease; Drugs elicit different responses depending on individual factors: -ANSWER-Age, Sex,
Body mass, health status, genetics
Complementary and Alternative therapies -ANSWER-Natural plant extracts, herbs, vitamins,
minerals, dietary, supplements. Physical therapy, manipulations, massage, acupuncture,
hypnosis, biofeedback
Therapeutic classification of drugs: -ANSWER-Based on therapeutic usefulness in treating
particular diseases or disorders.
Table 1.1 Therapeutic Classification
FOCUS: Cardiovascular Function
Usefulness: Influence blood clotting, lower blood cholesterol, lower blood pressure, restore
normal cardiac rhythm, treat angina.
Drug Classification: Anticoagulant, Antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antidysrhythmic,
antianginal.
,Pharmacologic Classification -ANSWER-Based on the way a drug works at the molecular,
tissue, or body system level; Mechanism of action - How a drug produces its physiological
effect in the body.
Table 1.2 Pharmacologic Classification
FOCUSING ON THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION: PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR HYPERTENSION
Mechanism of Action: Lowers plasma volume, blocks heart calcium channels, blocks
hormonal activity, blocks physiological reactions to stress, dilates peripheral blood vessels
Drug Classification: Diuretic, Calcium Channel blocker, Angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitor, Adrenergic antagonist, vasodilator
Most Drugs have three names -ANSWER-Chemical, Generic, Trade (CHEMICAL: (1/2)-2-(p-
isobutylphenyl) propionic acid; GENERIC: ibuprofen; TRADE: Motrin)
Generic vs. Trade-Name Drugs -ANSWER-It is difficult to tell a difference in effect between
two forms of a drug, even if dosage is the same; Inert (having no pharmacological action, as
the excipient of a pill) ingredients may be different. Generic name of a drug is assigned by
the US Adopted Name Council. Trade name is assigned by the company marketing the drug,
being proprietary (ownership).
Drugs before the 19th Century -ANSWER-Few standards or guidelines to protect the public.
Some drugs contained hazardous levels of dangerous substance and addictive substances.
Formulary -ANSWER-1st standard commonly used; list of drugs and drug recipes
U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) -ANSWER-1820; 1st comprehensive publication formulary used in
the U.S.; drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis.
USP and National Formulary (NF) -ANSWER-1852-1975, two drug standards in the US by the
American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA). 1. USP - all drug products. 2. National
Formulary (NF) - pharmaceutical ingredients.
, U.S. Pharacopoeia -National Formulary (USP-NF) -ANSWER-1975 merged into a single
publication
Biologic Control Act -ANSWER-1902 standardized serum and blood-related products
Pure Food and Drug Act -ANSWER-1906 - Established government control (FDA) for labeling
medicines
Shirley Amendment -ANSWER-1912 - Prohibited drugs labeled with false therapeutic
claims
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938) and amendments -ANSWER-1938- Thorough testing of
drug; Proof of safety and efficacy of drug
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, 1994 -ANSWER-1994-Controls misleading
industry claims
Black Box Warnings -ANSWER-One of the primary alerts for identifying
extreme adverse drug reactions discovered
during and after the review
process; 1997 FDA created "Black Box Warnings"
Four Stages of Approval for Therapeutic and Biologic Drugs -ANSWER-1. Preclinical
investigation (1-3 years, average 18months)
2. Clinical investigation (2-10 years; average 5 years)
3. Review of new drug application (NDA) (2 months -7 years, average 24 months)
4. Postmarketing surveillance (adverse reaction reporting; surveys/sampling/testing;
inspections)
PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL APPROACH, 4TH CANADIAN EDITION
BY ADAMS - 2026 PUBLISHED (ALL CHAPTERS INCLUDED)
Pharmacology -ANSWER-Study of medicine; how drugs are administered; where drugs travel
in the body, Response that drugs produce.
Pharmacotherapy -ANSWER-is the application of drugs for: disease treatment; alleviation of
suffering.
Pharmacology is challenging and always changing. Many drugs prescribed for more than one
disease; Drugs elicit different responses depending on individual factors: -ANSWER-Age, Sex,
Body mass, health status, genetics
Complementary and Alternative therapies -ANSWER-Natural plant extracts, herbs, vitamins,
minerals, dietary, supplements. Physical therapy, manipulations, massage, acupuncture,
hypnosis, biofeedback
Therapeutic classification of drugs: -ANSWER-Based on therapeutic usefulness in treating
particular diseases or disorders.
Table 1.1 Therapeutic Classification
FOCUS: Cardiovascular Function
Usefulness: Influence blood clotting, lower blood cholesterol, lower blood pressure, restore
normal cardiac rhythm, treat angina.
Drug Classification: Anticoagulant, Antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antidysrhythmic,
antianginal.
,Pharmacologic Classification -ANSWER-Based on the way a drug works at the molecular,
tissue, or body system level; Mechanism of action - How a drug produces its physiological
effect in the body.
Table 1.2 Pharmacologic Classification
FOCUSING ON THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION: PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR HYPERTENSION
Mechanism of Action: Lowers plasma volume, blocks heart calcium channels, blocks
hormonal activity, blocks physiological reactions to stress, dilates peripheral blood vessels
Drug Classification: Diuretic, Calcium Channel blocker, Angiotensin-converting enzyme
inhibitor, Adrenergic antagonist, vasodilator
Most Drugs have three names -ANSWER-Chemical, Generic, Trade (CHEMICAL: (1/2)-2-(p-
isobutylphenyl) propionic acid; GENERIC: ibuprofen; TRADE: Motrin)
Generic vs. Trade-Name Drugs -ANSWER-It is difficult to tell a difference in effect between
two forms of a drug, even if dosage is the same; Inert (having no pharmacological action, as
the excipient of a pill) ingredients may be different. Generic name of a drug is assigned by
the US Adopted Name Council. Trade name is assigned by the company marketing the drug,
being proprietary (ownership).
Drugs before the 19th Century -ANSWER-Few standards or guidelines to protect the public.
Some drugs contained hazardous levels of dangerous substance and addictive substances.
Formulary -ANSWER-1st standard commonly used; list of drugs and drug recipes
U.S. Pharmacopoeia (USP) -ANSWER-1820; 1st comprehensive publication formulary used in
the U.S.; drug purity, strength, and directions for synthesis.
USP and National Formulary (NF) -ANSWER-1852-1975, two drug standards in the US by the
American Pharmaceutical Association (APhA). 1. USP - all drug products. 2. National
Formulary (NF) - pharmaceutical ingredients.
, U.S. Pharacopoeia -National Formulary (USP-NF) -ANSWER-1975 merged into a single
publication
Biologic Control Act -ANSWER-1902 standardized serum and blood-related products
Pure Food and Drug Act -ANSWER-1906 - Established government control (FDA) for labeling
medicines
Shirley Amendment -ANSWER-1912 - Prohibited drugs labeled with false therapeutic
claims
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938) and amendments -ANSWER-1938- Thorough testing of
drug; Proof of safety and efficacy of drug
Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, 1994 -ANSWER-1994-Controls misleading
industry claims
Black Box Warnings -ANSWER-One of the primary alerts for identifying
extreme adverse drug reactions discovered
during and after the review
process; 1997 FDA created "Black Box Warnings"
Four Stages of Approval for Therapeutic and Biologic Drugs -ANSWER-1. Preclinical
investigation (1-3 years, average 18months)
2. Clinical investigation (2-10 years; average 5 years)
3. Review of new drug application (NDA) (2 months -7 years, average 24 months)
4. Postmarketing surveillance (adverse reaction reporting; surveys/sampling/testing;
inspections)
