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Behaviorism ✔Correct Answer-people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid
punishments.
Reinforcement ✔Correct Answer-meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment ✔Correct Answer-meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement ✔Correct Answer-involves giving someone something that he or she
wants
Negative reinforcement ✔Correct Answer-taking away something that someone does not
want
Positive punishment ✔Correct Answer-involves giving someone something that he or she
does not want
Negative punishment ✔Correct Answer-involves taking away something that someone does
want
Extinction ✔Correct Answer-decreases the chances of a response to something by
withdrawing reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism ✔Correct Answer-a philosophy of education that says that people construct
knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning ✔Correct Answer-learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development ✔Correct Answer-people learn best from other
people who are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL) ✔Correct Answer-focuses on giving an open-ended question and
complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to the
problem
4 Steps to PBL ✔Correct Answer-1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop
theories to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with solutions; 4.
Regroup to compare solutions and develop a plan.
, Critical Theory ✔Correct Answer-a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing
view of society
Critical theory in education ✔Correct Answer-is about questioning how our educational
system can best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology ✔Correct Answer-poorer schools can have a harder time
getting technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower technological
fluency than middle- and upper-class students.
Humanism ✔Correct Answer-a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow
and Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate
potential.
Self-Directed Learning ✔Correct Answer-involves students learning what they want and need
to learn, not what the teacher arbitrarily decides is important.
Extrinsic motivators ✔Correct Answer-things outside of a person that motivate them to do
something.
Self-evaluation ✔Correct Answer-thoughtful assessment of one's own work
lifelong learners ✔Correct Answer-people who continue to learn even after they leave school
Learning ✔Correct Answer-involves storing and accessing information in memory
information processing theory of learning ✔Correct Answer-information from the world
around us moves from sensory storage to working memory to long-term memory
working memory ✔Correct Answer-storage of memories that occurred only a few seconds in
the past
long-term memory ✔Correct Answer-memories that are stored for a person to access later
cognitive load ✔Correct Answer-having too much information in working memory and not
being able to remember anything
chunking ✔Correct Answer-grouping information together to help remember it
Automaticity ✔Correct Answer-process of making a task automatic