NURS 251 Pharmacology Module 9 Exam Prep – Full Practice
Test with ✔Correct Answers & Evidence-Based Rationales
(Portage Learning 2025/2026)
Question 1
List 4 examples of endocrine glands.
A. Liver, kidney, spleen, lung
B. Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas
C. Brain, heart, stomach, intestine
D. Muscle, bone, skin, adipose
✔Correct Answer: B. Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas
Rationale: The endocrine system includes glands that secrete hormones directly into the
bloodstream. The pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, and testis are all
examples of endocrine glands .
Question 2
True or False: The pituitary has three lobes called the Anterior, Central, and Posterior lobes.
A. True
B. False
✔Correct Answer: B. False
Rationale: The pituitary gland has only two lobes—the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the
posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). There is no "central lobe" .
Question 3
Match the hormone of the pituitary gland with the endocrine gland it communicates with:
ACTH → ?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal cortex
,C. Ovaries
D. Kidney
✔Correct Answer: B. Adrenal cortex
Rationale: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is released from the anterior pituitary and
stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and other corticosteroids .
Question 4
Match the hormone of the pituitary gland with the endocrine gland it communicates with:
TSH → ?
A. Adrenal cortex
B. Thyroid
C. Ovaries
D. Kidney
✔Correct Answer: B. Thyroid
*Rationale: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) targets the thyroid gland, stimulating the
production and release of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones .*
Question 5
Match the hormone of the pituitary gland with the endocrine gland it communicates with:
LH → ?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Ovaries/Testes
D. Kidney
✔Correct Answer: C. Ovaries/Testes
Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts on the gonads—ovaries in females (triggering
ovulation and progesterone production) and testes in males (stimulating testosterone
production) .
,Question 6
Match the hormone of the pituitary gland with the endocrine gland it communicates with:
ADH → ?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Ovaries
D. Kidney
✔Correct Answer: D. Kidney
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from the posterior pituitary and acts directly
on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting ducts .
Question 7
Select the correct description of Somatropin.
A. Inhibits the release of Growth Hormone
B. Mimics the effects of Growth Hormone within the body
C. Mimics the body's antidiuretic hormone
D. Somatropin is typically used in adults that would like to be taller
✔Correct Answer: B. Mimics the effects of Growth Hormone within the body
Rationale: Somatropin is recombinant human growth hormone (GH) used to treat growth
hormone deficiency in children and adults. It mimics endogenous GH effects, promoting linear
growth in children and anabolic effects in adults .
Question 8
What pituitary hormone does vasopressin mimic?
A. Growth hormone
B. Oxytocin
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Prolactin
✔Correct Answer: C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
, Rationale: Vasopressin is a synthetic form of ADH. It is used therapeutically to increase water
reabsorption in the kidneys, making it useful in diabetes insipidus and certain cardiac arrest
situations .
Question 9
True or False: Vasopressin works to increase water reabsorption in the distal tubules and
collecting duct of the nephron, making it useful in the treatment of a hypertensive emergency.
A. True
B. False
✔Correct Answer: B. False
Rationale: While vasopressin DOES increase water reabsorption in the distal tubules and
collecting duct, this leads to a reduction in urine output and potential INCREASE in blood
pressure—not treatment of hypertension. It is used in hypotension, not hypertensive
emergencies .
Question 10
The hypothalamus connects to the pituitary gland via a stalk called the:
A. Corpus callosum
B. Infundibulum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pons
✔Correct Answer: B. Infundibulum
Rationale: The infundibulum is the stalk-like structure that connects the hypothalamus to the
pituitary gland, allowing communication between the two structures .
Question 11
True or False: The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones that are actually produced
by the hypothalamus.
A. True
B. False
✔Correct Answer: A. True
Test with ✔Correct Answers & Evidence-Based Rationales
(Portage Learning 2025/2026)
Question 1
List 4 examples of endocrine glands.
A. Liver, kidney, spleen, lung
B. Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas
C. Brain, heart, stomach, intestine
D. Muscle, bone, skin, adipose
✔Correct Answer: B. Pineal, pituitary, thyroid, pancreas
Rationale: The endocrine system includes glands that secrete hormones directly into the
bloodstream. The pineal, pituitary, thyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary, and testis are all
examples of endocrine glands .
Question 2
True or False: The pituitary has three lobes called the Anterior, Central, and Posterior lobes.
A. True
B. False
✔Correct Answer: B. False
Rationale: The pituitary gland has only two lobes—the anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and the
posterior lobe (neurohypophysis). There is no "central lobe" .
Question 3
Match the hormone of the pituitary gland with the endocrine gland it communicates with:
ACTH → ?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal cortex
,C. Ovaries
D. Kidney
✔Correct Answer: B. Adrenal cortex
Rationale: ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) is released from the anterior pituitary and
stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol and other corticosteroids .
Question 4
Match the hormone of the pituitary gland with the endocrine gland it communicates with:
TSH → ?
A. Adrenal cortex
B. Thyroid
C. Ovaries
D. Kidney
✔Correct Answer: B. Thyroid
*Rationale: TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) targets the thyroid gland, stimulating the
production and release of T3 and T4 thyroid hormones .*
Question 5
Match the hormone of the pituitary gland with the endocrine gland it communicates with:
LH → ?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Ovaries/Testes
D. Kidney
✔Correct Answer: C. Ovaries/Testes
Rationale: Luteinizing hormone (LH) acts on the gonads—ovaries in females (triggering
ovulation and progesterone production) and testes in males (stimulating testosterone
production) .
,Question 6
Match the hormone of the pituitary gland with the endocrine gland it communicates with:
ADH → ?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Ovaries
D. Kidney
✔Correct Answer: D. Kidney
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released from the posterior pituitary and acts directly
on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption in the distal tubules and collecting ducts .
Question 7
Select the correct description of Somatropin.
A. Inhibits the release of Growth Hormone
B. Mimics the effects of Growth Hormone within the body
C. Mimics the body's antidiuretic hormone
D. Somatropin is typically used in adults that would like to be taller
✔Correct Answer: B. Mimics the effects of Growth Hormone within the body
Rationale: Somatropin is recombinant human growth hormone (GH) used to treat growth
hormone deficiency in children and adults. It mimics endogenous GH effects, promoting linear
growth in children and anabolic effects in adults .
Question 8
What pituitary hormone does vasopressin mimic?
A. Growth hormone
B. Oxytocin
C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
D. Prolactin
✔Correct Answer: C. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
, Rationale: Vasopressin is a synthetic form of ADH. It is used therapeutically to increase water
reabsorption in the kidneys, making it useful in diabetes insipidus and certain cardiac arrest
situations .
Question 9
True or False: Vasopressin works to increase water reabsorption in the distal tubules and
collecting duct of the nephron, making it useful in the treatment of a hypertensive emergency.
A. True
B. False
✔Correct Answer: B. False
Rationale: While vasopressin DOES increase water reabsorption in the distal tubules and
collecting duct, this leads to a reduction in urine output and potential INCREASE in blood
pressure—not treatment of hypertension. It is used in hypotension, not hypertensive
emergencies .
Question 10
The hypothalamus connects to the pituitary gland via a stalk called the:
A. Corpus callosum
B. Infundibulum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Pons
✔Correct Answer: B. Infundibulum
Rationale: The infundibulum is the stalk-like structure that connects the hypothalamus to the
pituitary gland, allowing communication between the two structures .
Question 11
True or False: The posterior pituitary stores and releases hormones that are actually produced
by the hypothalamus.
A. True
B. False
✔Correct Answer: A. True
