SAUNDERS NCLEX-RN 7TH STUDY
RENAL 2026 COMPLETE REVIEW WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS| GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers | 100% Verified
Exam Prep and Comprehensive Rationales Included
,The nurse discusses plans for future treatment options 1,3,4
with a client with symptomatic polycystic kidney disease.
Which treatment should be included in this discussion? R: Polycystic KD involves cysts that eventually rupture and damage the
Select all that apply. kidneys, leading to end-stage renal disease. This requires options 1, 3, or
4. 2 is contraindicated r/t infection. 5 won't help the pt's condition.
1. Hemodialysis
2. Peritoneal dialysis
3. Kidney transplant
4. Bilateral nephrectomy
5. Intense immunosuppression therapy
A client is admitted to the emergency department 1
following a fall from a horse and the health care provider
(HCP) prescribes insertion of a urinary catheter. While R: blood may = urethral trauma, so you need to notify the HCP first so you
preparing for the procedure, the nurse notes blood at can identify the true cause of blood before catheterization.
the urinary meatus. The nurse should take which action? Since there's blood from an unknown cause, you need to assess first before
doing anything that can worsen it.
1. Notify the HCP before performing the catheterization.
2. Use a small-sized catheter and an anesthetic gel as a
lubricant.
3. Administer parenteral pain medication before inserting
the catheter.
4. Clean the meatus with soap and water before opening
the catheterization kit.
The nurse is assessing the patency of a client's left arm 1.
arteriovenous fistula prior to initiating hemodialysis.
Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent? R: listen for a thrill or bruit over AV fistula site. All other options don't
REALLY show if the AV fistula is patent, just that there's perfusion to the
1. Palpation of a thrill over the fistula hand.
2. Presence of a radial pulse in the left wrist
3. Visualization of enlarged blood vessels at the fistula
site
4. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds in the nail beds of
the fingers on the left hand
A male client has a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The 4.
nurse should assess the client for which manifestation of
the disorder? R: Urethritis usually involves dysuria, so 1&3 are incorrect. Proteinuria is r/t
kidney dysfunction, so option 2 is also incorrect. Urethritis is also
1. Hematuria and pyuria associated with chlamydia, so discharge is expected. Hematuria is not
2. Dysuria and proteinuria assoc. with urethritis.
3. Hematuria and urgency
4. Dysuria and penile discharge
The nurse is assessing a client with epididymitis. The nurse 3
anticipates which findings on physical examination?
R: -itis is associated w/ fever, so you can narrow it down to 1&3.
1. Fever, diarrhea, groin pain, and ecchymosis Epididymitis does not involve bleeding so ecchymosis (option 1) is
2. Nausea, painful scrotal edema, and ecchymosis irrelevant.
3. Fever, nausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema Typical signs and symptoms of epididymitis include scrotal pain and edema,
4. Diarrhea, groin pain, testicular torsion, and scrotal which often are accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting, and chills.
edema
,A client complains of fever, perineal pain, and urinary 4
urgency, frequency, and dysuria. To assess whether the
client's problem is related to bacterial prostatitis, the R: The client with bacterial prostatitis has a swollen and tender prostate
nurse reviews the results of the prostate examination for gland that is also warm to the touch, firm, and indurated. Systemic
which characteristic of this disorder? symptoms include fever with chills, perineal and low back pain, and signs of
urinary tract infection, which often accompany the disorder.
1. Soft and swollen prostate gland *Remember, -itis= inflammation/infection, so tenderness and local warmth
2. Swollen, and boggy prostate gland is expected. so option 4 is most correct.
3. Tender and edematous prostate gland
4. Tender, indurated prostate gland that is warm to the
touch
The nurse is collecting data from a client. Which symptom 4
described by the client is characteristic of an early
symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia? R: Option 1 is a later sign. 2&3 are irrelevant to BPH.
1. Nocturia
2. Scrotal edema
3. Occasional constipation
4. Decreased force in the stream of urine
The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis 1,2,4,5
notes that the client's outflow is less than the inflow.
Which actions should the nurse take? Select all that R: Try to fix the flow yourself before calling the HCP or messing with the
apply. flow rate. Imbalance may be r/t a kink or improper positioning so fix those
first.
1. Check the level of the drainage bag.
2. Reposition the client to his or her side.
3. Contact the health care provider (HCP).
4. Place the client in good body alignment.
5. Check the peritoneal dialysis system for kinks.
6. Increase the flow rate of the peritoneal dialysis
solution.
A hemodialysis client with a left arm fistula is at risk for 4
arterial steal syndrome. The nurse should assess for which
manifestations of this complication? R: Arterial STEAL syndrome involves vascular insufficiency (literally stealing
the blood that the hand's tissue needs!). So you'd see pallor and other signs
1. Warmth, redness, and pain in the left hand of decr. perfusion.
2. Ecchymosis and audible bruit over the fistula 1&3 sound more like an infection so they're incorrect. Option 2 is a normal
3. Edema and reddish discoloration of the left arm finding for a fistula.
4. Pallor, diminished pulse, and pain in the left hand
The nurse is reviewing a client's record and notes that the 1
health care provider has documented that the client has
chronic renal disease. On review of the laboratory results, R: Creat is increased only by kidney dysfunction of at least 50% loss. 2&3
the nurse most likely would expect to note which finding? are irrelevant. 4 is more involved w/ UTIs.
1. Elevated creatinine level
2. Decreased hemoglobin level
3. Decreased red blood cell count
4. Increased number of white blood cells in the urine
, A client with chronic kidney disease returns to the nursing 2
unit following a hemodialysis treatment. On assessment,
the nurse notes that the client's temperature is 38.5°C R: Options 3&4 involve assessment, which is normally good but not for a
(101.2°F). Which nursing action is most appropriate? priority situation like this so they're incorrect (you'll just watch the pt
deteriorate lol). You know that dialysis patients have fluid restrictions, so
1. Encourage fluid intake. option 2 is the best choice since the HCP can order further & treatment.
2. Notify the health care provider.
3. Continue to monitor vital signs.
4. Monitor the site of the shunt for infection.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a client who 4
has returned from the dialysis unit following hemodialysis.
The client is complaining of headache and nausea and is R: "Disequilibrium syndrome may be caused by rapid removal of solutes
extremely restless. Which is the priority nursing action? from the body during hemodialysis. These changes can cause cerebral
edema that leads to increased intracranial pressure. The client is exhibiting
1. Monitor the client. early signs and symptoms of disequilibrium syndrome and appropriate
2. Elevate the head of the bed. treatments with anticonvulsive medications and barbiturates may be
3. Assess the fistula site and dressing. necessary to prevent a life-threatening situation. The HCP must be notified.
4. Notify the health care provider (HCP).
Monitoring the client, elevating the head of the bed, and assessing the
fistula site are correct actions, but the priority action is to notify the HCP."
A client with severe back pain and hematuria is found to 4, 5
have hydronephrosis due to urolithiasis. The nurse
anticipates which treatment will be done to relieve the R: "Urolithiasis is the condition that occurs when a stone forms in the
obstruction? Select all that apply. urinary system. Hydronephrosis develops when the stone has blocked the
ureter and urine backs up and dilates and damages the kidney. Priority
1. Peritoneal dialysis treatment is to allow the urine to drain and relieve the obstruction in the
2. Analysis of the urinary stone ureter. This is accomplished by placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy
3. Intravenous opioid analgesics tube to drain urine from the kidney and placement of a ureteral stent to
4. Insertion of a nephrostomy tube
keep the ureter open. Peritoneal dialysis is not needed since the kidney is
5. Placement of a ureteral stent with ureteroscopy
functioning. Stone analysis will be done later when the stone has been
retrieved and analyzed. Opioid analgesics are necessary for pain relief but
do not treat the obstruction."
The nurse is instructing a client with diabetes mellitus 2
about peritoneal dialysis. The nurse tells the client that it
is important to maintain the prescribed dwell time for the R: Patients with DM may req an increase in insulin w/ peritoneal dialysis bc
dialysis because of the risk of which complication? there's an increased amount of time for glucose to absorb. Option 1 is r/t
improper aseptic technique. 3 is just r/t renal imbalance. 4 is only with
1. Peritonitis HEMOdialysis, not peritoneal.
2. Hyperglycemia
3. Hyperphosphatemia
4. Disequilibrium syndrome
RENAL 2026 COMPLETE REVIEW WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS| GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers | 100% Verified
Exam Prep and Comprehensive Rationales Included
,The nurse discusses plans for future treatment options 1,3,4
with a client with symptomatic polycystic kidney disease.
Which treatment should be included in this discussion? R: Polycystic KD involves cysts that eventually rupture and damage the
Select all that apply. kidneys, leading to end-stage renal disease. This requires options 1, 3, or
4. 2 is contraindicated r/t infection. 5 won't help the pt's condition.
1. Hemodialysis
2. Peritoneal dialysis
3. Kidney transplant
4. Bilateral nephrectomy
5. Intense immunosuppression therapy
A client is admitted to the emergency department 1
following a fall from a horse and the health care provider
(HCP) prescribes insertion of a urinary catheter. While R: blood may = urethral trauma, so you need to notify the HCP first so you
preparing for the procedure, the nurse notes blood at can identify the true cause of blood before catheterization.
the urinary meatus. The nurse should take which action? Since there's blood from an unknown cause, you need to assess first before
doing anything that can worsen it.
1. Notify the HCP before performing the catheterization.
2. Use a small-sized catheter and an anesthetic gel as a
lubricant.
3. Administer parenteral pain medication before inserting
the catheter.
4. Clean the meatus with soap and water before opening
the catheterization kit.
The nurse is assessing the patency of a client's left arm 1.
arteriovenous fistula prior to initiating hemodialysis.
Which finding indicates that the fistula is patent? R: listen for a thrill or bruit over AV fistula site. All other options don't
REALLY show if the AV fistula is patent, just that there's perfusion to the
1. Palpation of a thrill over the fistula hand.
2. Presence of a radial pulse in the left wrist
3. Visualization of enlarged blood vessels at the fistula
site
4. Capillary refill less than 3 seconds in the nail beds of
the fingers on the left hand
A male client has a tentative diagnosis of urethritis. The 4.
nurse should assess the client for which manifestation of
the disorder? R: Urethritis usually involves dysuria, so 1&3 are incorrect. Proteinuria is r/t
kidney dysfunction, so option 2 is also incorrect. Urethritis is also
1. Hematuria and pyuria associated with chlamydia, so discharge is expected. Hematuria is not
2. Dysuria and proteinuria assoc. with urethritis.
3. Hematuria and urgency
4. Dysuria and penile discharge
The nurse is assessing a client with epididymitis. The nurse 3
anticipates which findings on physical examination?
R: -itis is associated w/ fever, so you can narrow it down to 1&3.
1. Fever, diarrhea, groin pain, and ecchymosis Epididymitis does not involve bleeding so ecchymosis (option 1) is
2. Nausea, painful scrotal edema, and ecchymosis irrelevant.
3. Fever, nausea, vomiting, and painful scrotal edema Typical signs and symptoms of epididymitis include scrotal pain and edema,
4. Diarrhea, groin pain, testicular torsion, and scrotal which often are accompanied by fever, nausea and vomiting, and chills.
edema
,A client complains of fever, perineal pain, and urinary 4
urgency, frequency, and dysuria. To assess whether the
client's problem is related to bacterial prostatitis, the R: The client with bacterial prostatitis has a swollen and tender prostate
nurse reviews the results of the prostate examination for gland that is also warm to the touch, firm, and indurated. Systemic
which characteristic of this disorder? symptoms include fever with chills, perineal and low back pain, and signs of
urinary tract infection, which often accompany the disorder.
1. Soft and swollen prostate gland *Remember, -itis= inflammation/infection, so tenderness and local warmth
2. Swollen, and boggy prostate gland is expected. so option 4 is most correct.
3. Tender and edematous prostate gland
4. Tender, indurated prostate gland that is warm to the
touch
The nurse is collecting data from a client. Which symptom 4
described by the client is characteristic of an early
symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia? R: Option 1 is a later sign. 2&3 are irrelevant to BPH.
1. Nocturia
2. Scrotal edema
3. Occasional constipation
4. Decreased force in the stream of urine
The nurse monitoring a client receiving peritoneal dialysis 1,2,4,5
notes that the client's outflow is less than the inflow.
Which actions should the nurse take? Select all that R: Try to fix the flow yourself before calling the HCP or messing with the
apply. flow rate. Imbalance may be r/t a kink or improper positioning so fix those
first.
1. Check the level of the drainage bag.
2. Reposition the client to his or her side.
3. Contact the health care provider (HCP).
4. Place the client in good body alignment.
5. Check the peritoneal dialysis system for kinks.
6. Increase the flow rate of the peritoneal dialysis
solution.
A hemodialysis client with a left arm fistula is at risk for 4
arterial steal syndrome. The nurse should assess for which
manifestations of this complication? R: Arterial STEAL syndrome involves vascular insufficiency (literally stealing
the blood that the hand's tissue needs!). So you'd see pallor and other signs
1. Warmth, redness, and pain in the left hand of decr. perfusion.
2. Ecchymosis and audible bruit over the fistula 1&3 sound more like an infection so they're incorrect. Option 2 is a normal
3. Edema and reddish discoloration of the left arm finding for a fistula.
4. Pallor, diminished pulse, and pain in the left hand
The nurse is reviewing a client's record and notes that the 1
health care provider has documented that the client has
chronic renal disease. On review of the laboratory results, R: Creat is increased only by kidney dysfunction of at least 50% loss. 2&3
the nurse most likely would expect to note which finding? are irrelevant. 4 is more involved w/ UTIs.
1. Elevated creatinine level
2. Decreased hemoglobin level
3. Decreased red blood cell count
4. Increased number of white blood cells in the urine
, A client with chronic kidney disease returns to the nursing 2
unit following a hemodialysis treatment. On assessment,
the nurse notes that the client's temperature is 38.5°C R: Options 3&4 involve assessment, which is normally good but not for a
(101.2°F). Which nursing action is most appropriate? priority situation like this so they're incorrect (you'll just watch the pt
deteriorate lol). You know that dialysis patients have fluid restrictions, so
1. Encourage fluid intake. option 2 is the best choice since the HCP can order further & treatment.
2. Notify the health care provider.
3. Continue to monitor vital signs.
4. Monitor the site of the shunt for infection.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a client who 4
has returned from the dialysis unit following hemodialysis.
The client is complaining of headache and nausea and is R: "Disequilibrium syndrome may be caused by rapid removal of solutes
extremely restless. Which is the priority nursing action? from the body during hemodialysis. These changes can cause cerebral
edema that leads to increased intracranial pressure. The client is exhibiting
1. Monitor the client. early signs and symptoms of disequilibrium syndrome and appropriate
2. Elevate the head of the bed. treatments with anticonvulsive medications and barbiturates may be
3. Assess the fistula site and dressing. necessary to prevent a life-threatening situation. The HCP must be notified.
4. Notify the health care provider (HCP).
Monitoring the client, elevating the head of the bed, and assessing the
fistula site are correct actions, but the priority action is to notify the HCP."
A client with severe back pain and hematuria is found to 4, 5
have hydronephrosis due to urolithiasis. The nurse
anticipates which treatment will be done to relieve the R: "Urolithiasis is the condition that occurs when a stone forms in the
obstruction? Select all that apply. urinary system. Hydronephrosis develops when the stone has blocked the
ureter and urine backs up and dilates and damages the kidney. Priority
1. Peritoneal dialysis treatment is to allow the urine to drain and relieve the obstruction in the
2. Analysis of the urinary stone ureter. This is accomplished by placement of a percutaneous nephrostomy
3. Intravenous opioid analgesics tube to drain urine from the kidney and placement of a ureteral stent to
4. Insertion of a nephrostomy tube
keep the ureter open. Peritoneal dialysis is not needed since the kidney is
5. Placement of a ureteral stent with ureteroscopy
functioning. Stone analysis will be done later when the stone has been
retrieved and analyzed. Opioid analgesics are necessary for pain relief but
do not treat the obstruction."
The nurse is instructing a client with diabetes mellitus 2
about peritoneal dialysis. The nurse tells the client that it
is important to maintain the prescribed dwell time for the R: Patients with DM may req an increase in insulin w/ peritoneal dialysis bc
dialysis because of the risk of which complication? there's an increased amount of time for glucose to absorb. Option 1 is r/t
improper aseptic technique. 3 is just r/t renal imbalance. 4 is only with
1. Peritonitis HEMOdialysis, not peritoneal.
2. Hyperglycemia
3. Hyperphosphatemia
4. Disequilibrium syndrome
