MCAT 2023 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers | 100% Verified
Exam Prep and Comprehensive Rationales Included
,Deindividuation when an individual seems to lose himself or herself in the group's identity
social loafing the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts
toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
group polarization the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the
group. doesn't have to be irrational.
normative social influence behavior that is motivated by the desire to gain social acceptance and approval
informational social influence influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality
Groupthink the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-
making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. leads to irrational
decisions by a group.
characteristics of group think invulnerability, rationalization, lack of introspection, stereotyping, pressure, lack of
disagreement, self-deception, insularity
Irving Janis and groupthink members of a group are so driven to reach unanimous decisions that they no
longer truly evaluate the consequences of their decisions
occurs when the groups making decision are isolated and homogeneous, there is
a lack of impartial leadership inside or outside the gorup, when there is a high
level of pressure for a decision to be made
Conformity when someone's behavior, beliefs, or thinking changes to line up with the
perspective of others
compliance when the person conforms but internally dissents
Conversion genuine change in someone's beliefs
Asch Experiment experimented how people would rather conform than state their own individual
answer even though they know the group's answer is wrong, length of lines
compliance (requests) responses to requests from someone with no power to enforce that request.
foot-in-the-door technique asking for a small commitment and, after gaining compliance, asking for a bigger
commitment
door-in-the-face technique asking for a large commitment and being refused and then asking for a smaller
commitment
low-ball technique persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts by quoting a low sales
price and then mentions all of the add-on costs once the customer has agreed to
purchase the product
obidience changing one's behavior at the command of an authority figure
,Milgram Experiment an experiment devised in 1961 by Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale
University, to see how far ordinary people would go to obey a scientific authority
figure with giving electric shocks
Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo) classic "experiment" where individuals were assigned to be guards / prisoners.
w/in days they took on their roles and went too far. Highly unethical
social norms rules, spoken or unspoken, that regulate behavior, beliefs, attitudes, and values of
members of society
social control the way norms are taught, enforced, and perpetuated
deviance when someone doesn't follow a norm
formal vs informal norms Formal:
-generally written down, like laws
-precisely defined, publicly presented and have strict penalties for violators
informal: generally understood but less precise and carry no specific punishment
Folkways insignificant informal norms that involve small details, violating them does not
cause too much of a problem, example: fashion, wearing socks with sandals
mores informal norms, which incur severe disapproval when violated. ex: cheating on
romantic partner
taboos even more restrictive norms that generate extreme disapproval. Ex: cannabalism,
incest. Driven by culture. Some are forbidden by law and some aren't.
Anomie Refers to situation where there is a poor match between society's stated norms
and the norms that an individual responds to
sanctions punishment or negative consequences for violating a social norm. Rewards for
following social norm.
adding a solute to water will ----- bp and ----- mp, increase; lower
differential association theory theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts
they are exposed to, and deviance is learned socially, draws from symbolic
interactionism
labeling approach focuses on how behavior is affected by being labeled as a deviant.
Primary Deviance (Labeling Theory) the initial act or attitude that causes one to be labeled deviant
secondary deviance (labeling theory) subsequent acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result
of your new, deviant label, the stigma attached to it and people's expectations of
you
, strain theory focuses on the role of social and economic pressures towards deviance. Says that
some people would commit crime under straining conditions.
Socialization how we learn informal and formal norms by interacting with other people and
insitutions
agents of socialization family, education system, mass media, peers, workplace
Fads a new behavior that suddenly becomes extremely popular, then fades
mass hysteria irrational fear of a perceived threat, verging on the point of a collective delusion
riots characterized by large # of people who engage in dangerous behavior, such as
vandalism, violence, or other crimes. Deindividation, loss of self identity, occurs.
Often violent and targeted against an established institution or authority figure.
peer pressure influence from members of one's peer group.
Anaerobic Process that does not require oxygen
Halophiles "salt-loving" archaea that live in environments that have very high salt
concentrations
What to the numbers on the bottom of the Element on the molar mass of the element in grams/mol
MCAT Periodic table mean?
How many grams are in a kilogram? 1000
What is molarity? mol/L
A mole a number of items equal to Avogadro's number (6.02 × 1023)
a 1 M solution of glucose contains 6.02 × 1023 molecules of glucose in each liter of solution.
millimolar (mM) 10^-3 M
micromolar (µM) 10^-6 M
nanomolar (nM) 10^-9 M
If a person drank a large quantity of hypersaline ocean hypertonic compared with the cytosol of the body's cells, causing osmosis of
water, the person could die because absorption of salt water out of the cells.
into the blood will cause it to become:
Does NaCl readily diffuse through the phospholipid No, but water does, through osmosis which establishes isotonic solution on both
bilayer? What does and why? side of the membrane
simple diffusion movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
WITH PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
GUARANTEED SUCCESS
Updated 2026 Questions and Answers | 100% Verified
Exam Prep and Comprehensive Rationales Included
,Deindividuation when an individual seems to lose himself or herself in the group's identity
social loafing the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts
toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
group polarization the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the
group. doesn't have to be irrational.
normative social influence behavior that is motivated by the desire to gain social acceptance and approval
informational social influence influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality
Groupthink the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-
making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. leads to irrational
decisions by a group.
characteristics of group think invulnerability, rationalization, lack of introspection, stereotyping, pressure, lack of
disagreement, self-deception, insularity
Irving Janis and groupthink members of a group are so driven to reach unanimous decisions that they no
longer truly evaluate the consequences of their decisions
occurs when the groups making decision are isolated and homogeneous, there is
a lack of impartial leadership inside or outside the gorup, when there is a high
level of pressure for a decision to be made
Conformity when someone's behavior, beliefs, or thinking changes to line up with the
perspective of others
compliance when the person conforms but internally dissents
Conversion genuine change in someone's beliefs
Asch Experiment experimented how people would rather conform than state their own individual
answer even though they know the group's answer is wrong, length of lines
compliance (requests) responses to requests from someone with no power to enforce that request.
foot-in-the-door technique asking for a small commitment and, after gaining compliance, asking for a bigger
commitment
door-in-the-face technique asking for a large commitment and being refused and then asking for a smaller
commitment
low-ball technique persuasive technique in which the seller of a product starts by quoting a low sales
price and then mentions all of the add-on costs once the customer has agreed to
purchase the product
obidience changing one's behavior at the command of an authority figure
,Milgram Experiment an experiment devised in 1961 by Stanley Milgram, a psychologist at Yale
University, to see how far ordinary people would go to obey a scientific authority
figure with giving electric shocks
Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo) classic "experiment" where individuals were assigned to be guards / prisoners.
w/in days they took on their roles and went too far. Highly unethical
social norms rules, spoken or unspoken, that regulate behavior, beliefs, attitudes, and values of
members of society
social control the way norms are taught, enforced, and perpetuated
deviance when someone doesn't follow a norm
formal vs informal norms Formal:
-generally written down, like laws
-precisely defined, publicly presented and have strict penalties for violators
informal: generally understood but less precise and carry no specific punishment
Folkways insignificant informal norms that involve small details, violating them does not
cause too much of a problem, example: fashion, wearing socks with sandals
mores informal norms, which incur severe disapproval when violated. ex: cheating on
romantic partner
taboos even more restrictive norms that generate extreme disapproval. Ex: cannabalism,
incest. Driven by culture. Some are forbidden by law and some aren't.
Anomie Refers to situation where there is a poor match between society's stated norms
and the norms that an individual responds to
sanctions punishment or negative consequences for violating a social norm. Rewards for
following social norm.
adding a solute to water will ----- bp and ----- mp, increase; lower
differential association theory theory that individuals learn deviance in proportion to number of deviant acts
they are exposed to, and deviance is learned socially, draws from symbolic
interactionism
labeling approach focuses on how behavior is affected by being labeled as a deviant.
Primary Deviance (Labeling Theory) the initial act or attitude that causes one to be labeled deviant
secondary deviance (labeling theory) subsequent acts of rule breaking that occur after primary deviance and as a result
of your new, deviant label, the stigma attached to it and people's expectations of
you
, strain theory focuses on the role of social and economic pressures towards deviance. Says that
some people would commit crime under straining conditions.
Socialization how we learn informal and formal norms by interacting with other people and
insitutions
agents of socialization family, education system, mass media, peers, workplace
Fads a new behavior that suddenly becomes extremely popular, then fades
mass hysteria irrational fear of a perceived threat, verging on the point of a collective delusion
riots characterized by large # of people who engage in dangerous behavior, such as
vandalism, violence, or other crimes. Deindividation, loss of self identity, occurs.
Often violent and targeted against an established institution or authority figure.
peer pressure influence from members of one's peer group.
Anaerobic Process that does not require oxygen
Halophiles "salt-loving" archaea that live in environments that have very high salt
concentrations
What to the numbers on the bottom of the Element on the molar mass of the element in grams/mol
MCAT Periodic table mean?
How many grams are in a kilogram? 1000
What is molarity? mol/L
A mole a number of items equal to Avogadro's number (6.02 × 1023)
a 1 M solution of glucose contains 6.02 × 1023 molecules of glucose in each liter of solution.
millimolar (mM) 10^-3 M
micromolar (µM) 10^-6 M
nanomolar (nM) 10^-9 M
If a person drank a large quantity of hypersaline ocean hypertonic compared with the cytosol of the body's cells, causing osmosis of
water, the person could die because absorption of salt water out of the cells.
into the blood will cause it to become:
Does NaCl readily diffuse through the phospholipid No, but water does, through osmosis which establishes isotonic solution on both
bilayer? What does and why? side of the membrane
simple diffusion movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
