NUR 265 Exam 1 | Actual study Questions
and Answers | 2026/27 Updates | 100%
correct | Galen
What is nephrotic syndrome? - ANSWER- -A condition of increased glomerular permeability
that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be
excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - ANSWER- --*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - ANSWER- -
3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - ANSWER- --immunosuppressant agents (if
immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - ANSWER- -creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by
25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - ANSWER- -creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
, Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - ANSWER- -creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75%
(Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - ANSWER- -Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - ANSWER- -Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - ANSWER- -Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - ANSWER- -Systolic + (Diastolic*2)
/3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? - ANSWER- -65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? - ANSWER- --NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
and Answers | 2026/27 Updates | 100%
correct | Galen
What is nephrotic syndrome? - ANSWER- -A condition of increased glomerular permeability
that allows larger molecules to pass through the membrane into the urine and then be
excreted.
What are key features of nephrotic syndrome? - ANSWER- --*Massive proteinuria*
-*Hypoalbuminemia*
-*Edema (facial and periorbital)*
-Lipiduria
-Hyperlipidemia
-Increased coagulation
-Reduced kidney function
In nephrotic syndrome, severe protein loss in the urine is greater than what? - ANSWER- -
3.5g in 24 hours
What is nephrotic syndrome treated with? - ANSWER- --immunosuppressant agents (if
immunity based).
-ACE inhibitors (decreased protein loss in urine)
-statins (improve blood lipid levels).
-Heparin (used to treat vascular effects and improve kidney function)
Describe the "risk" stage for AKI - ANSWER- -creatinine x 1.5 of normal, and GFR reduced by
25%
Describe the "injury" stage for AKI - ANSWER- -creatinine x2 & GFR reduced by 50%
, Describe the "failure" stage for AKI - ANSWER- -creatinine x3 normal, & GFR reduced by 75%
(Cant fix)
Describe Prerenal AKI. Give examples. - ANSWER- -Decreased perfusion to kidneys.
-NSAIDs
-Severe dehydration
-Renal artery stenosis
-MI or HF resulting in low ejection fraction and low cardiac output
-Blood/ fluid loss
Describe Intrarenal AKI. Give examples. - ANSWER- -Tissue damage to the actual kidneys.
-Glomerulonephritis or inflammation of the glomeruli
-Sepsis
-Intrarenal bleeding
-Pyelonephritis
Describe Postrenal AKI. Give examples. - ANSWER- -Obstruction that occurs after the kidney.
-Enlarged prostate (BPH)
-Bladder Cancer
-Kidney stones
How do you determine the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - ANSWER- -Systolic + (Diastolic*2)
/3
What is the MAP needed to perfuse the kidneys? - ANSWER- -65 mmHg
What are examples of nephrotoxic drugs? - ANSWER- --NSAIDS
-Metformin
-Diuretics
