BIO 156 - Exam 1 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
|Graded A+ (2026/2027)
What exactly is a Protein? - Answer --One of the four major organic molecules of life (CLPN)
-are large 3-D molecules
-30,000 different proteins that are structural & help build the body
-Example: Insulin, Keratin, Collagen
What exactly is a Lipid? - Answer --One of the four major organic molecules of life
-A source of energy for all organisms
-very important structural (body building molecule) for MANY organisms
-Example: Testosterone, Cholesterol (ex: fat in bacon)
What exactly is a Nucleotide? - Answer --One of the four major organic molecules of life (CLPN)
-Build polymers
-Energy carriers
1|Page
,-Example: ATP
In GENERAL, PLANTS build their bodies out of ____ while ANIMALS build their bodies from ____
- Answer --Carbohydrates, proteins
-In GENERAL, PLANTS build their bodies out of CARBOHYDRATES while ANIMALS build their
bodies from PROTEINS
WHY do animals (like us humans!) consume carbohydrates? NAME 1 carbohydrate YOU have
eaten today. - Answer --For energy
-One carbohydrate I've eaten today is Cellulose, Sucrose (white table sugar), Raffinose (beans
Describe one way that human organisms are always losing atoms or molecules - Answer --
Humans lose important molecules when they shed hair
or skin cells
-exhale gases
-digest their own cheek-lining cells
WHY is CELLULOSE such an important CARBOHYDRATE?
2|Page
,List at least 1 way you used this molecule today - Answer --Cellulose is one of the most common
and famous carbohydrates on earth
-Plants build their physical bodies out of cellulose
-I used cellulose today by using paper
Describe ONE way that carbohydrates and lipids are SIMILAR and ONE way they are DIFFERENT:
- Answer -Similar:
-store energy
-CHO
-found in most foods
Different:
-Carbohydrates are slightly polar, Lipids are very NON polar
-Carbohydrates #C = #O
-Lipids #C ≠ #O
List TWO (2) important functions of the lipid CHOLESTEROL - Answer --ol: alcohol group
Two functions:
1. an important precursor molecule
2. part of all animal cell membranes (strengthens & supports)
3|Page
, What is the difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat? - Answer --Saturated fat:
SOLID at body temperature
-Unsaturated fat: LIQUID at body temperature
Which one do nutritionists think is the most healthy? Why? - Answer -Unsaturated fat, because
if its liquid it wont clog your heart
-help saturated fats stay liquid
What is a DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS REACTION? Describe one specific example. - Answer -A
dehydration synthesis reaction is used to bond 2 + monomers together to form a polymer.
Water is formed as a product because an [-OH] group is removed from one monomer and
attached to the
[-H] removed from the other monomer - the H + OH bond together
A PEPTIDE BOND attaches 2 amino acids together.
What is the basic structure of an amino acid [AA] ? - Answer -
How many AA are found in human proteins?
4|Page
|Graded A+ (2026/2027)
What exactly is a Protein? - Answer --One of the four major organic molecules of life (CLPN)
-are large 3-D molecules
-30,000 different proteins that are structural & help build the body
-Example: Insulin, Keratin, Collagen
What exactly is a Lipid? - Answer --One of the four major organic molecules of life
-A source of energy for all organisms
-very important structural (body building molecule) for MANY organisms
-Example: Testosterone, Cholesterol (ex: fat in bacon)
What exactly is a Nucleotide? - Answer --One of the four major organic molecules of life (CLPN)
-Build polymers
-Energy carriers
1|Page
,-Example: ATP
In GENERAL, PLANTS build their bodies out of ____ while ANIMALS build their bodies from ____
- Answer --Carbohydrates, proteins
-In GENERAL, PLANTS build their bodies out of CARBOHYDRATES while ANIMALS build their
bodies from PROTEINS
WHY do animals (like us humans!) consume carbohydrates? NAME 1 carbohydrate YOU have
eaten today. - Answer --For energy
-One carbohydrate I've eaten today is Cellulose, Sucrose (white table sugar), Raffinose (beans
Describe one way that human organisms are always losing atoms or molecules - Answer --
Humans lose important molecules when they shed hair
or skin cells
-exhale gases
-digest their own cheek-lining cells
WHY is CELLULOSE such an important CARBOHYDRATE?
2|Page
,List at least 1 way you used this molecule today - Answer --Cellulose is one of the most common
and famous carbohydrates on earth
-Plants build their physical bodies out of cellulose
-I used cellulose today by using paper
Describe ONE way that carbohydrates and lipids are SIMILAR and ONE way they are DIFFERENT:
- Answer -Similar:
-store energy
-CHO
-found in most foods
Different:
-Carbohydrates are slightly polar, Lipids are very NON polar
-Carbohydrates #C = #O
-Lipids #C ≠ #O
List TWO (2) important functions of the lipid CHOLESTEROL - Answer --ol: alcohol group
Two functions:
1. an important precursor molecule
2. part of all animal cell membranes (strengthens & supports)
3|Page
, What is the difference between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat? - Answer --Saturated fat:
SOLID at body temperature
-Unsaturated fat: LIQUID at body temperature
Which one do nutritionists think is the most healthy? Why? - Answer -Unsaturated fat, because
if its liquid it wont clog your heart
-help saturated fats stay liquid
What is a DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS REACTION? Describe one specific example. - Answer -A
dehydration synthesis reaction is used to bond 2 + monomers together to form a polymer.
Water is formed as a product because an [-OH] group is removed from one monomer and
attached to the
[-H] removed from the other monomer - the H + OH bond together
A PEPTIDE BOND attaches 2 amino acids together.
What is the basic structure of an amino acid [AA] ? - Answer -
How many AA are found in human proteins?
4|Page
