Bio 200 Test 1 – Poulin Exam Questions And 100% Correct
Answers |Graded A+ (2026/2027)
What is the structure of DNA? - Answer -double helix (twisted ladder)
Nucleotide - Answer -A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently
bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
semiconservative replication - Answer -Produces molecules with both old and new DNA, but
each molecule would contain one complete old strand and one new one
conservative replication - Answer -would preserve the original molecule and generate an
entirely new molecule
dispersive replication - Answer -would produce two molecules with old and new DNA
interspersed along each strand
What is transcription? - Answer -DNA to RNA
What is translation? - Answer -RNA to protein
1|Page
,How are proteins made? - Answer -By joining amino acids into long chains called polypeptides
RNA transcription - Answer -always single stranded, it uses uracil to pair with adenine
What are proteins made of? - Answer -amino acids
All proteins are composed of... - Answer -20 standard amino acid combinations
AUG is a _____ codon - Answer -to start; methionine
UAA, UAG, UGA is ____ codon - Answer -Stop codon
What do comparisons of amino acid sequences (Cytochrome C), gene functions, or DNA
sequences tell us about organism relatedness? - Answer -You can see how they've changed to
see how closely related they are
What is an allele frequency? - Answer -a measure of how common a certain allele is in the
population
2|Page
,Population - Answer -A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same
area
How do allele frequencies change? - Answer -natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow,
mutation, selection
gene flow - Answer -movement of alleles from one population to another
Does gene flow increase or decrease genetic variation? - Answer -increase
non-random mating - Answer -mating between individuals of the same phenotype or by those
who live nearby
assortative mating - Answer -Organism of similar phenotype mate more often than expected by
random chance , tends to increase the frequency of homozygotes in the population
self-fertilization - Answer -When pollen fertilizes eggs from the same flower
3|Page
, genetic drift - Answer -A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance
events rather than natural selection
founder effect - Answer -change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small
subgroup of a population
Non random mating ___ genetic variation - Answer -Decreases
bottleneck effect - Answer -a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a
reduction in its size
Mutation - Answer -change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
Where do new genes come from? - Answer -One way in which new genes evolve is through the
duplication, and then modification, of existing genes
Crick and brenner experiments - Answer -They determined how codons are read , codons are
read in threes, codons are not spaced, reading frame is critical
degenerate code - Answer -multiple codons encode a single amino acid
4|Page
Answers |Graded A+ (2026/2027)
What is the structure of DNA? - Answer -double helix (twisted ladder)
Nucleotide - Answer -A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently
bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
semiconservative replication - Answer -Produces molecules with both old and new DNA, but
each molecule would contain one complete old strand and one new one
conservative replication - Answer -would preserve the original molecule and generate an
entirely new molecule
dispersive replication - Answer -would produce two molecules with old and new DNA
interspersed along each strand
What is transcription? - Answer -DNA to RNA
What is translation? - Answer -RNA to protein
1|Page
,How are proteins made? - Answer -By joining amino acids into long chains called polypeptides
RNA transcription - Answer -always single stranded, it uses uracil to pair with adenine
What are proteins made of? - Answer -amino acids
All proteins are composed of... - Answer -20 standard amino acid combinations
AUG is a _____ codon - Answer -to start; methionine
UAA, UAG, UGA is ____ codon - Answer -Stop codon
What do comparisons of amino acid sequences (Cytochrome C), gene functions, or DNA
sequences tell us about organism relatedness? - Answer -You can see how they've changed to
see how closely related they are
What is an allele frequency? - Answer -a measure of how common a certain allele is in the
population
2|Page
,Population - Answer -A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same
area
How do allele frequencies change? - Answer -natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow,
mutation, selection
gene flow - Answer -movement of alleles from one population to another
Does gene flow increase or decrease genetic variation? - Answer -increase
non-random mating - Answer -mating between individuals of the same phenotype or by those
who live nearby
assortative mating - Answer -Organism of similar phenotype mate more often than expected by
random chance , tends to increase the frequency of homozygotes in the population
self-fertilization - Answer -When pollen fertilizes eggs from the same flower
3|Page
, genetic drift - Answer -A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance
events rather than natural selection
founder effect - Answer -change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small
subgroup of a population
Non random mating ___ genetic variation - Answer -Decreases
bottleneck effect - Answer -a reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused by a
reduction in its size
Mutation - Answer -change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
Where do new genes come from? - Answer -One way in which new genes evolve is through the
duplication, and then modification, of existing genes
Crick and brenner experiments - Answer -They determined how codons are read , codons are
read in threes, codons are not spaced, reading frame is critical
degenerate code - Answer -multiple codons encode a single amino acid
4|Page
