TALARO MICROBIOLOGY EXAM 1
QUESTIONS & ACTUAL ANSWERS
PASSED 100%
genome - Correct Answer ✔✔ sum of total genetic material
genome of cells - Correct Answer ✔✔ DNA
genome of viruses - Correct Answer ✔✔ DNA or RNA
bacterial (prokaryotic) chromosome - Correct Answer ✔✔ single circular loop
eukaryotic chromosome - Correct Answer ✔✔ multiple and linear
structural genes - Correct Answer ✔✔ codes for proteins
regulatory genes - Correct Answer ✔✔ control gene expression
genotype - Correct Answer ✔✔ all genes that constitute genetic makeup
phenotype - Correct Answer ✔✔ expression of genotype, observable traits
How do nucleotides bond? - Correct Answer ✔✔ covalently
What phosphates do sugars bond to? - Correct Answer ✔✔ 5' and 3'
Adenine bonds to - Correct Answer ✔✔ thymine, with 2 hydrogen bonds
Guanine bonds to - Correct Answer ✔✔ cytosine, with 3 hydrogen bonds
helicase - Correct Answer ✔✔ unwinds and unzips DNA
primase - Correct Answer ✔✔ RNA primer
DNA polymerase 3 - Correct Answer ✔✔ adds nucleotides in 5' to 3' direction, leading
lagging strand - Correct Answer ✔✔ 3' to 5' direction
DNA polymerase 1 - Correct Answer ✔✔ removes RNA primers and replaces them with
DNA
ligase - Correct Answer ✔✔ links DNA fragments along lagging strand
, transcription - Correct Answer ✔✔ DNA molecules to RNA
translation - Correct Answer ✔✔ RNA molecules to proteins
What determines phenotype? - Correct Answer ✔✔ proteins
DNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ blueprint that tells which proteins to make
In RNA, adenine bonds to - Correct Answer ✔✔ uracil
messenger RNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ carries codons
codons - Correct Answer ✔✔ triplet of nucleotides
transfer RNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ made from DNA, creates anticodons, and carries
specific amino acids to ribosomes
ribosomal RNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ where protein synthesis occurs
RNA polymerase - Correct Answer ✔✔ binds to promoter region and adds nucleotides
in 5' to 3' direction
eukaryotic transcription and translation - Correct Answer ✔✔ does not occur
simultaneously
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes? - Correct Answer ✔✔ nucleus
Where does translation occurs in eukaryotes? - Correct Answer ✔✔ cytoplasm
eurkaryotic mRNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ encodes a single protein
bacterial mRNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ encodes many proteins
introns - Correct Answer ✔✔ present in eukaryotic DNA, intervenes noncoding DNA
that may splice out final mRNA transcript
splicing of eurkaryotes - Correct Answer ✔✔ removal of introns and connection of
exons
operons - Correct Answer ✔✔ regulation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes, set of
genes regulated as a single unit
inducible operon - Correct Answer ✔✔ turned on by substrate, catabolic
repressible operon - Correct Answer ✔✔ turned off by synthesized product, anabolic
QUESTIONS & ACTUAL ANSWERS
PASSED 100%
genome - Correct Answer ✔✔ sum of total genetic material
genome of cells - Correct Answer ✔✔ DNA
genome of viruses - Correct Answer ✔✔ DNA or RNA
bacterial (prokaryotic) chromosome - Correct Answer ✔✔ single circular loop
eukaryotic chromosome - Correct Answer ✔✔ multiple and linear
structural genes - Correct Answer ✔✔ codes for proteins
regulatory genes - Correct Answer ✔✔ control gene expression
genotype - Correct Answer ✔✔ all genes that constitute genetic makeup
phenotype - Correct Answer ✔✔ expression of genotype, observable traits
How do nucleotides bond? - Correct Answer ✔✔ covalently
What phosphates do sugars bond to? - Correct Answer ✔✔ 5' and 3'
Adenine bonds to - Correct Answer ✔✔ thymine, with 2 hydrogen bonds
Guanine bonds to - Correct Answer ✔✔ cytosine, with 3 hydrogen bonds
helicase - Correct Answer ✔✔ unwinds and unzips DNA
primase - Correct Answer ✔✔ RNA primer
DNA polymerase 3 - Correct Answer ✔✔ adds nucleotides in 5' to 3' direction, leading
lagging strand - Correct Answer ✔✔ 3' to 5' direction
DNA polymerase 1 - Correct Answer ✔✔ removes RNA primers and replaces them with
DNA
ligase - Correct Answer ✔✔ links DNA fragments along lagging strand
, transcription - Correct Answer ✔✔ DNA molecules to RNA
translation - Correct Answer ✔✔ RNA molecules to proteins
What determines phenotype? - Correct Answer ✔✔ proteins
DNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ blueprint that tells which proteins to make
In RNA, adenine bonds to - Correct Answer ✔✔ uracil
messenger RNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ carries codons
codons - Correct Answer ✔✔ triplet of nucleotides
transfer RNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ made from DNA, creates anticodons, and carries
specific amino acids to ribosomes
ribosomal RNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ where protein synthesis occurs
RNA polymerase - Correct Answer ✔✔ binds to promoter region and adds nucleotides
in 5' to 3' direction
eukaryotic transcription and translation - Correct Answer ✔✔ does not occur
simultaneously
Where does transcription occur in eukaryotes? - Correct Answer ✔✔ nucleus
Where does translation occurs in eukaryotes? - Correct Answer ✔✔ cytoplasm
eurkaryotic mRNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ encodes a single protein
bacterial mRNA - Correct Answer ✔✔ encodes many proteins
introns - Correct Answer ✔✔ present in eukaryotic DNA, intervenes noncoding DNA
that may splice out final mRNA transcript
splicing of eurkaryotes - Correct Answer ✔✔ removal of introns and connection of
exons
operons - Correct Answer ✔✔ regulation of protein synthesis in prokaryotes, set of
genes regulated as a single unit
inducible operon - Correct Answer ✔✔ turned on by substrate, catabolic
repressible operon - Correct Answer ✔✔ turned off by synthesized product, anabolic
