BIOS 256 Final Exam (Latest 2024) |
Chamberlain College of Nursing |
Complete Study Guide | 100% Verified
Answers
This comprehensive guide contains verified questions and
answers for the BIOS 256 Anatomy and Physiology IV Final Exam
at Chamberlain College of Nursing, based on 2024-2025 exam
materials. All answers include detailed rationales for effective
exam preparation.
Section 1: Urinary System
Question 1: The urinary system does all of the following, EXCEPT
it:
● A) secretes excess glucose molecules
● B) regulates blood volume
● C) contributes to stabilizing blood pH
● D) eliminates organic waste products
● E) regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes
Correct Answer: A) secretes excess glucose molecules
,Rationale: The urinary system regulates blood volume, stabilizes
blood pH, eliminates organic waste products, and regulates
plasma concentrations of electrolytes. However, glucose is
normally reabsorbed and does not appear in urine. Excretion of
glucose indicates pathology (e.g., diabetes mellitus).
Question 2: Conical structures that are located in the renal
medulla are called:
● A) pyramids
● B) renal columns
● C) renal pelvises
● D) nephrons
● E) calyces
Correct Answer: A) pyramids
Rationale: Renal pyramids are conical structures within the renal
medulla that contain the loops of Henle and collecting ducts.
Renal columns are extensions of cortical tissue between
pyramids.
Question 3: The region known as the macula densa is part of:
● A) the proximal convoluted tubule
● B) the distal convoluted tubule
● C) the collecting duct
● D) the ascending loop of Henle
● E) Bowman's capsule
,Correct Answer: B) the distal convoluted tubule
Rationale: The macula densa is a specialized region of
specialized cells in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) that
monitors sodium chloride concentration, playing a critical role in
tubuloglomerular feedback.
Question 4: The cells of the macula densa and the
juxtaglomerular cells form the:
● A) renal corpuscle
● B) filtration membrane
● C) loop of Henle
● D) juxtaglomerular apparatus
● E) afferent arteriole
Correct Answer: D) juxtaglomerular apparatus
Rationale: The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) consists of the
macula densa cells (in the DCT) and juxtaglomerular cells (in the
afferent arteriole). The JGA regulates blood pressure and
glomerular filtration rate through the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Question 5: A glomerulus is:
● A) the expanded end of a nephron
● B) a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle
● C) the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle
, ● D) the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting
duct
● E) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron
Correct Answer: B) a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal
corpuscle
Rationale: The glomerulus is a tuft (knot) of capillaries within
Bowman's capsule. It is the site of filtration in the nephron. Blood
is filtered across the glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's
space.
Question 6: The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry
blood to the kidney. The proper order in which blood passes
through these vessels is:
1.afferent arteriole
2.arcuate artery
3.interlobar artery
4.renal artery
5.glomerulus
6.interlobular artery
7.efferent arteriole
8.peritubular capillary
Options:
● A) 4,6,2,3,1,5,7,8
● B) 4,3,2,6,1,5,7,8
● C) 4,3,2,6,7,5,1,8
Chamberlain College of Nursing |
Complete Study Guide | 100% Verified
Answers
This comprehensive guide contains verified questions and
answers for the BIOS 256 Anatomy and Physiology IV Final Exam
at Chamberlain College of Nursing, based on 2024-2025 exam
materials. All answers include detailed rationales for effective
exam preparation.
Section 1: Urinary System
Question 1: The urinary system does all of the following, EXCEPT
it:
● A) secretes excess glucose molecules
● B) regulates blood volume
● C) contributes to stabilizing blood pH
● D) eliminates organic waste products
● E) regulates plasma concentrations of electrolytes
Correct Answer: A) secretes excess glucose molecules
,Rationale: The urinary system regulates blood volume, stabilizes
blood pH, eliminates organic waste products, and regulates
plasma concentrations of electrolytes. However, glucose is
normally reabsorbed and does not appear in urine. Excretion of
glucose indicates pathology (e.g., diabetes mellitus).
Question 2: Conical structures that are located in the renal
medulla are called:
● A) pyramids
● B) renal columns
● C) renal pelvises
● D) nephrons
● E) calyces
Correct Answer: A) pyramids
Rationale: Renal pyramids are conical structures within the renal
medulla that contain the loops of Henle and collecting ducts.
Renal columns are extensions of cortical tissue between
pyramids.
Question 3: The region known as the macula densa is part of:
● A) the proximal convoluted tubule
● B) the distal convoluted tubule
● C) the collecting duct
● D) the ascending loop of Henle
● E) Bowman's capsule
,Correct Answer: B) the distal convoluted tubule
Rationale: The macula densa is a specialized region of
specialized cells in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) that
monitors sodium chloride concentration, playing a critical role in
tubuloglomerular feedback.
Question 4: The cells of the macula densa and the
juxtaglomerular cells form the:
● A) renal corpuscle
● B) filtration membrane
● C) loop of Henle
● D) juxtaglomerular apparatus
● E) afferent arteriole
Correct Answer: D) juxtaglomerular apparatus
Rationale: The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) consists of the
macula densa cells (in the DCT) and juxtaglomerular cells (in the
afferent arteriole). The JGA regulates blood pressure and
glomerular filtration rate through the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Question 5: A glomerulus is:
● A) the expanded end of a nephron
● B) a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal corpuscle
● C) the portion of the nephron closest to the renal corpuscle
, ● D) the portion of the nephron that attaches to the collecting
duct
● E) the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron
Correct Answer: B) a knot of capillaries that lies within the renal
corpuscle
Rationale: The glomerulus is a tuft (knot) of capillaries within
Bowman's capsule. It is the site of filtration in the nephron. Blood
is filtered across the glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's
space.
Question 6: The following is a list of the blood vessels that carry
blood to the kidney. The proper order in which blood passes
through these vessels is:
1.afferent arteriole
2.arcuate artery
3.interlobar artery
4.renal artery
5.glomerulus
6.interlobular artery
7.efferent arteriole
8.peritubular capillary
Options:
● A) 4,6,2,3,1,5,7,8
● B) 4,3,2,6,1,5,7,8
● C) 4,3,2,6,7,5,1,8
