NUR-631 Final Exam Study Guide questions with 100% verified answers
1. Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing
compensatory: Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive mechanism that
enables certain organs to regenerate. For example, the removal of part of the liver
leads to hyperplasia of the remaining liver cells (hepatocytes) to compensate for
the loss.
2. Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet
and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper
extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers,
and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and
lower extremities: c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles
of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes
3. A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from
this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure: a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide
adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal central venous
pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure when the increase in left
ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is
severe enough. As pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to
right ventricular emptying increases.
4. What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation: d. Murmur heard on auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough surfaces.
The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that produce noise
causing a murmur to be heard on auscultation such as occurs during blood
pressure mea- surement with a sphygomanometer. This selection is the only
option that accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow.
pg 1113
,NUR-631 Final Exam Study Guide questions with 100% verified answers
5. Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and
down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus: d. Ventricular
septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13, trisomy
18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other defects
are not associated with dysfunction of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg
1200
6. An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a
bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are
consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect: c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will characteristi-
cally have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal
border throughout systole and diastole. If the PDA is significant then the infant
also will have bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpation and
signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the other
congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described the symptoms
pages 1203-1204
7. Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children
diag- nosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating: c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older
children to alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants increase systemic
resistance while decreasing venous return to the heart from the inferior vena
cava. The other options would not result in these changes. pg 1209
8. An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would
likely exhibit which symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
,NUR-631 Final Exam Study Guide questions with 100% verified answers
c. Need for surgical repair
,NUR-631 Final Exam Study Guide questions with 100% verified answers
d. Triad of congenital defects: b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page 1203-1204
9. Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia: a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254
10. Which medication classification is generally included in the treatment
of silicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorants: a. Corticosteroids
Exp: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although corticosteroids may
produce some improvement in the early, more acute stages. page 1259
11. The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for
premature infants when they are born between how many weeks of
gestation?
a. 16 and 24
b. 20 and 24
c. 24 and 30
d. 30 and 36: d. 30 and 36
Exp: Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36 weeks. The other
options are not true regarding the timeframe when the risk for RDS decreases.
page 1292
12. What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress
syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
a. Low birth weight
b. Alcohol consumption during pregnanc
c. Premature birth
d. Smoking during pregnancy: a. Premature birth
Exp: RDS of the newborn, also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a
major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature newborns. page 1301
13. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the
newborn?
1. Removal of part of the liver leads to the remaining liver cells undergoing
compensatory: Compensatory hyperplasia is an adaptive mechanism that
enables certain organs to regenerate. For example, the removal of part of the liver
leads to hyperplasia of the remaining liver cells (hepatocytes) to compensate for
the loss.
2. Which of the following statements best describes Raynaud disease?
a. An inflammatory disorder of small and medium-size arteries in the feet
and sometimes in the hands
b. A neoplastic disorder of the lining of the arteries and veins of the upper
extremities
c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles of the fingers,
and less commonly, the toes
d. An autoimmune disorder of the large arteries and veins of the upper and
lower extremities: c. A vasospastic disorder of the small arteries and arterioles
of the fingers, and less commonly, the toes
3. A patient is diagnosed with pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance. Which of the following heart failures may result from
this condition?
a. Right heart failure
b. Left heart failure
c. Low-output failure
d. High-output failure: a. Right heart failure
Exp: Right heart failure is defined as the inability of the right ventricle to provide
adequate blood flow into the pulmonary circulation at a normal central venous
pressure. It most often results from the left heart failure when the increase in left
ventricular filling pressure that is reflected back into the pulmonary circulation is
severe enough. As pressure in the pulmonary circulation rises, the resistance to
right ventricular emptying increases.
4. What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel?
a. Increased blood pressure during periods of stress
b. Bounding pulse felt on palpation
c. Cyanosis observed on excretion
d. Murmur heard on auscultation: d. Murmur heard on auscultation
Exp: Where flow is obstructed the vessel turns or blood flows over rough surfaces.
The flow becomes turbulent with whorls or eddy currents that produce noise
causing a murmur to be heard on auscultation such as occurs during blood
pressure mea- surement with a sphygomanometer. This selection is the only
option that accurately identifies the physical sign of turbulent vascular blood flow.
pg 1113
,NUR-631 Final Exam Study Guide questions with 100% verified answers
5. Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and
down syndrome?
a. Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis
b. Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
c. Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia
d. Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus: d. Ventricular
septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13, trisomy
18 and down syndrome include VSD and PDA see Table 33-2 The other defects
are not associated with dysfunction of trisomy 13 or 17 and down syndrome. pg
1200
6. An infant has a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left
upper sternal border throughout systole and diastole as well as a
bounding pulse and a thrill on palpation. These clinical findings are
consistent with which congenital heart defect?
a. Atrial septal defect
b. Ventricular septal defect
c. Patent ductus arteriosus
d. Atrioventricular canal defect: c. Patent ductus arteriosus
Exp: If pulmonary vascular resistance has fallen then infants with will characteristi-
cally have a continuous machine/type murmur best heard at the left upper sternal
border throughout systole and diastole. If the PDA is significant then the infant
also will have bounding pulses an active precordium, a thrill on palpation and
signs and symptoms of pulmonary over circulation. The presentations of the other
congenital heart defects are not consistent with the described the symptoms
pages 1203-1204
7. Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children
diag- nosed with tetralogy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells?
a. Lying on their left side
b. Performing the valsalva maneuver
c. Squatting
d. hyperventilating: c. Squatting
Exp: squatting is a spontaneous compensatory mechanism used by older
children to alleviate hypoxic spells. Squatting and its variants increase systemic
resistance while decreasing venous return to the heart from the inferior vena
cava. The other options would not result in these changes. pg 1209
8. An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus would
likely exhibit which symptom?
a. Intermittent murmur
b. Lack of symptoms
,NUR-631 Final Exam Study Guide questions with 100% verified answers
c. Need for surgical repair
,NUR-631 Final Exam Study Guide questions with 100% verified answers
d. Triad of congenital defects: b. Lack of symptoms
Exp: Infants with a small PDA usually remain asymptomatic. page 1203-1204
9. Fluid in the pleural space characterizes which condition?
a. Pleural effusion
b. Atelectasis
c. Bronchiectasis
d. Ischemia: a. Pleural Effusion
Exp: Pleural effusion is the presence of fluid in the pleural space. page1254
10. Which medication classification is generally included in the treatment
of silicosis?
a. Corticosteroids
b. Antiboitics
c. Bronchodilators
d. Expectorants: a. Corticosteroids
Exp: No specific treatment exists for silicosis, although corticosteroids may
produce some improvement in the early, more acute stages. page 1259
11. The risk for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) decreases for
premature infants when they are born between how many weeks of
gestation?
a. 16 and 24
b. 20 and 24
c. 24 and 30
d. 30 and 36: d. 30 and 36
Exp: Surfactant is secreted into fetal airways between 30 and 36 weeks. The other
options are not true regarding the timeframe when the risk for RDS decreases.
page 1292
12. What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress
syndrome (RDS) of the newborn?
a. Low birth weight
b. Alcohol consumption during pregnanc
c. Premature birth
d. Smoking during pregnancy: a. Premature birth
Exp: RDS of the newborn, also known as hyaline membrane disease (HMD), is a
major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature newborns. page 1301
13. What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of the
newborn?
