NR 507 Midterm Exam questions Test Exam
Prep with Practice Questions, Answers &
Detailed Explanations
What antibodies primarily drive Type I hypersensitivity
reactions? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-IgE antibodies
Which cells become sensitized in Type I hypersensitivity? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Mast cells and basophils
What mediators are released upon allergen exposure in Type I
hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Histamine, leukotrienes,
prostaglandins, cytokines
,What are the major clinical manifestations of Type I
hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Vasodilation,
bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production
Is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction immediate or delayed? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Immediate
What characterizes Type II hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Immune attack on cells displaying altered self-antigens
How are cells destroyed in Type II hypersensitivity? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Through complement activation or
antibody-dependent cell lysis
What determines symptoms in Type II hypersensitivity? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-The tissue or organ where antigen is
expressed
What precaution prevents transfusion reactions? - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-Blood typing and cross-matching
,What is formed in Type III hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Antibody-antigen immune complexes
Where do these complexes deposit? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-In
vessel walls and tissues systemically
What immune component is activated afterward? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-The complement system
What cells cause most tissue injury? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Neutrophils
Give examples of Type III disorders. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-SLE,
serum sickness, Raynaud phenomenon
What mediates Type IV hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-T
lymphocytes and macrophages
When do Type IV reactions appear? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-48-72
hours after exposure
, What happens when T cells encounter antigen? - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-They migrate to the site and cause inflammation
What is a granuloma? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Cluster of immune
cells that contain an antigen (Type IV reaction)
Name autoimmune diseases with Type IV reactions. -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes
What type of virus is HIV? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-RNA retrovirus
What cells does HIV target? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-CD4+ T cells
How does HIV replicate? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Reverse
transcriptase converts RNA → DNA → enters host genome
What does ART therapy do? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Suppresses viral
replication and restores immune function
How can cancer cause immunodeficiency? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Through chronic inflammation and immune suppression
Prep with Practice Questions, Answers &
Detailed Explanations
What antibodies primarily drive Type I hypersensitivity
reactions? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-IgE antibodies
Which cells become sensitized in Type I hypersensitivity? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Mast cells and basophils
What mediators are released upon allergen exposure in Type I
hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Histamine, leukotrienes,
prostaglandins, cytokines
,What are the major clinical manifestations of Type I
hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Vasodilation,
bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production
Is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction immediate or delayed? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Immediate
What characterizes Type II hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Immune attack on cells displaying altered self-antigens
How are cells destroyed in Type II hypersensitivity? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Through complement activation or
antibody-dependent cell lysis
What determines symptoms in Type II hypersensitivity? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-The tissue or organ where antigen is
expressed
What precaution prevents transfusion reactions? - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-Blood typing and cross-matching
,What is formed in Type III hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Antibody-antigen immune complexes
Where do these complexes deposit? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-In
vessel walls and tissues systemically
What immune component is activated afterward? -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-The complement system
What cells cause most tissue injury? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Neutrophils
Give examples of Type III disorders. - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-SLE,
serum sickness, Raynaud phenomenon
What mediates Type IV hypersensitivity? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-T
lymphocytes and macrophages
When do Type IV reactions appear? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-48-72
hours after exposure
, What happens when T cells encounter antigen? - ✔✔ANSWER
✔✔-They migrate to the site and cause inflammation
What is a granuloma? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Cluster of immune
cells that contain an antigen (Type IV reaction)
Name autoimmune diseases with Type IV reactions. -
✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes
What type of virus is HIV? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-RNA retrovirus
What cells does HIV target? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-CD4+ T cells
How does HIV replicate? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Reverse
transcriptase converts RNA → DNA → enters host genome
What does ART therapy do? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-Suppresses viral
replication and restores immune function
How can cancer cause immunodeficiency? - ✔✔ANSWER ✔✔-
Through chronic inflammation and immune suppression
