MATERNITY AND PEDIATRIC NURSING BY RICCI
KYLE CARMAN 2026 TEST PAPER REVIEW
SHEET PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS TOP RESULT A+
◉ Short bowel syndrome treatment. Answer: Manage fluid and
electrolytes
Oral rehydration solutions
Medications for motility and diarrhea and gastric hypersecretion
◉ hypospadias Answer: abnormal congenital opening of the male
urethra on the undersurface of the penis
Corrected at 12 months of age using foreskin
◉ Epispadias Answer: congenital defect in which the urinary meatus
is located on the upper surface of the penis
Corrected at 12 months of age using foreskin
◉ Obstructive neuropathy treatment Answer: Give prophylactic
antibiotics to prevent a UTI or hydronephrosis
Surgical interventions
, ◉ vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) Answer: backflow of urine from the
bladder into the ureters
◉ Vesicoureteral reflux treatment Answer: Treat infections
aggressively; treat mild reflux with daily prophylactic antibiotics
(amoxicillin if <2 months of age; otherwise TMP-SMX or
nitrofurantoin) until reflex resolves
Surgery (ureteral reimplantation) is generally reserved for children
with persistent high-grade (III to V) reflux
Inadequate treatment can lead to progressive renal scarring and
ESRD
◉ UTI s/s in children Answer: -younger children: irritability,
lethargy, fever (no obvious focal infection)
-older children: abd pain, unexplained fever, or both
-as children approach puberty, flank pain becomes more common
- UTI considered in infants and < 2 mons-2 yo w/ unexplained fever
Mimick GI symptoms in ages 0-24 months
◉ primary enuresis Answer: bed wetting in children who have never
been dry for extended periods
KYLE CARMAN 2026 TEST PAPER REVIEW
SHEET PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS TOP RESULT A+
◉ Short bowel syndrome treatment. Answer: Manage fluid and
electrolytes
Oral rehydration solutions
Medications for motility and diarrhea and gastric hypersecretion
◉ hypospadias Answer: abnormal congenital opening of the male
urethra on the undersurface of the penis
Corrected at 12 months of age using foreskin
◉ Epispadias Answer: congenital defect in which the urinary meatus
is located on the upper surface of the penis
Corrected at 12 months of age using foreskin
◉ Obstructive neuropathy treatment Answer: Give prophylactic
antibiotics to prevent a UTI or hydronephrosis
Surgical interventions
, ◉ vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) Answer: backflow of urine from the
bladder into the ureters
◉ Vesicoureteral reflux treatment Answer: Treat infections
aggressively; treat mild reflux with daily prophylactic antibiotics
(amoxicillin if <2 months of age; otherwise TMP-SMX or
nitrofurantoin) until reflex resolves
Surgery (ureteral reimplantation) is generally reserved for children
with persistent high-grade (III to V) reflux
Inadequate treatment can lead to progressive renal scarring and
ESRD
◉ UTI s/s in children Answer: -younger children: irritability,
lethargy, fever (no obvious focal infection)
-older children: abd pain, unexplained fever, or both
-as children approach puberty, flank pain becomes more common
- UTI considered in infants and < 2 mons-2 yo w/ unexplained fever
Mimick GI symptoms in ages 0-24 months
◉ primary enuresis Answer: bed wetting in children who have never
been dry for extended periods
