TESTBANK FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
1. Which action is the most effective method of preventing the spread of infection in a
hospital setting?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C. Using antibiotics prophylactically
D. Wearing a mask continuously
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hand hygiene is the single most effective way to prevent healthcare-
associated infections. Gloves and masks are important but do not replace
handwashing.
2. A nurse is assessing a patient’s pain. Which tool is most appropriate for measuring
pain intensity?
A. Glasgow Coma Scale
B. Visual Analog Scale
C. Braden Scale
D. APGAR score
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Visual Analog Scale measures pain intensity. The other tools assess
consciousness, pressure ulcer risk, and newborn status.
3. Which vital sign is considered the “fifth vital sign”?
A. Pulse
B. Temperature
C. Pain
D. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pain is universally recognized as the fifth vital sign to ensure proper
assessment and management.
4. A patient is at risk for pressure ulcers. Which intervention is most appropriate?
A. Massaging bony prominences
B. Repositioning every 2 hours
C. Keeping patient in one position
D. Restricting protein intake
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Regular repositioning reduces pressure and improves circulation.
Massaging bony prominences may damage tissue.
,5. What is the correct order of the nursing process?
A. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
B. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
D. Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The nursing process follows ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, Evaluation.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with muscle weakness and cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Sodium excess
B. Potassium imbalance
C. Chloride excess
D. Magnesium deficiency only
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Potassium imbalances directly affect neuromuscular function and
cardiac rhythm.
7. A nurse is preparing to administer oral medication. What is the first action?
A. Document administration
B. Check patient allergies
C. Crush all tablets
D. Give medication with food
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Verifying allergies is essential to prevent adverse drug reactions before
administration.
8. Which sign is an early indicator of hypoxia?
A. Cyanosis
B. Bradycardia
C. Restlessness
D. Severe hypotension
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Restlessness and anxiety often appear early in hypoxia before cyanosis
develops.
9. What is the normal adult respiratory rate range?
A. 6–10 breaths/min
B. 12–20 breaths/min
, C. 20–30 breaths/min
D. 30–40 breaths/min
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Normal adult respiratory rate is 12–20 breaths per minute.
10. A sterile field becomes contaminated when:
A. It is set up on a clean dry surface
B. A sterile object is held above waist level
C. A sterile object touches a non-sterile item
D. Sterile gloves are worn
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Any contact with a non-sterile item contaminates the sterile field.
11. Which position is most appropriate for a patient experiencing difficulty breathing?
A. Supine position
B. Trendelenburg position
C. Fowler’s position
D. Prone position
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fowler’s position promotes lung expansion and improves breathing.
12. A nurse is evaluating dehydration. Which finding supports this condition?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Poor skin turgor
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration.
13. Which site is most commonly used for measuring body temperature in adults?
A. Rectal
B. Oral
C. Axillary
D. Tympanic
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Oral temperature is commonly used due to convenience and accuracy.
14. A patient has a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. This is:
A. Hypertension
B. Normal
STUDY GUIDE WITH QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2026
1. Which action is the most effective method of preventing the spread of infection in a
hospital setting?
A. Wearing gloves at all times
B. Hand hygiene before and after patient contact
C. Using antibiotics prophylactically
D. Wearing a mask continuously
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hand hygiene is the single most effective way to prevent healthcare-
associated infections. Gloves and masks are important but do not replace
handwashing.
2. A nurse is assessing a patient’s pain. Which tool is most appropriate for measuring
pain intensity?
A. Glasgow Coma Scale
B. Visual Analog Scale
C. Braden Scale
D. APGAR score
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The Visual Analog Scale measures pain intensity. The other tools assess
consciousness, pressure ulcer risk, and newborn status.
3. Which vital sign is considered the “fifth vital sign”?
A. Pulse
B. Temperature
C. Pain
D. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pain is universally recognized as the fifth vital sign to ensure proper
assessment and management.
4. A patient is at risk for pressure ulcers. Which intervention is most appropriate?
A. Massaging bony prominences
B. Repositioning every 2 hours
C. Keeping patient in one position
D. Restricting protein intake
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Regular repositioning reduces pressure and improves circulation.
Massaging bony prominences may damage tissue.
,5. What is the correct order of the nursing process?
A. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
B. Diagnosis, Assessment, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
C. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
D. Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The nursing process follows ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, Evaluation.
6. Which electrolyte imbalance is most associated with muscle weakness and cardiac
dysrhythmias?
A. Sodium excess
B. Potassium imbalance
C. Chloride excess
D. Magnesium deficiency only
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Potassium imbalances directly affect neuromuscular function and
cardiac rhythm.
7. A nurse is preparing to administer oral medication. What is the first action?
A. Document administration
B. Check patient allergies
C. Crush all tablets
D. Give medication with food
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Verifying allergies is essential to prevent adverse drug reactions before
administration.
8. Which sign is an early indicator of hypoxia?
A. Cyanosis
B. Bradycardia
C. Restlessness
D. Severe hypotension
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Restlessness and anxiety often appear early in hypoxia before cyanosis
develops.
9. What is the normal adult respiratory rate range?
A. 6–10 breaths/min
B. 12–20 breaths/min
, C. 20–30 breaths/min
D. 30–40 breaths/min
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Normal adult respiratory rate is 12–20 breaths per minute.
10. A sterile field becomes contaminated when:
A. It is set up on a clean dry surface
B. A sterile object is held above waist level
C. A sterile object touches a non-sterile item
D. Sterile gloves are worn
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Any contact with a non-sterile item contaminates the sterile field.
11. Which position is most appropriate for a patient experiencing difficulty breathing?
A. Supine position
B. Trendelenburg position
C. Fowler’s position
D. Prone position
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Fowler’s position promotes lung expansion and improves breathing.
12. A nurse is evaluating dehydration. Which finding supports this condition?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Poor skin turgor
C. Bradycardia
D. Hypertension
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration.
13. Which site is most commonly used for measuring body temperature in adults?
A. Rectal
B. Oral
C. Axillary
D. Tympanic
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Oral temperature is commonly used due to convenience and accuracy.
14. A patient has a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. This is:
A. Hypertension
B. Normal
