NR507 Pathophysiology Midterm Exam |
Practice Q&A | Latest Update 2026 | Exam
Prep | Graded A+
1. If a patient presents with shortness of breath and a pansystolic murmur, what
diagnostic test would be most appropriate to confirm mitral regurgitation?
Chest X-ray
Electrocardiogram
Blood test
Echocardiogram
2. Describe the significance of residual volume in assessing lung health.
Residual volume indicates the amount of air left in the lungs, which
helps assess lung function and can indicate conditions like
obstructive lung disease.
Residual volume reflects the efficiency of gas exchange in the alveoli.
Residual volume measures the total lung capacity and is used to
diagnose asthma.
Residual volume is irrelevant in lung health assessments.
3. If a patient is diagnosed with thalassemia, what would be a likely
consequence regarding their oxygen transport in the body?
Normal oxygen transport
Reduced oxygen transport
Increased oxygen transport
, Enhanced oxygen transport efficiency
4. If a patient develops localized skin lesions after using a new cosmetic
product, which type of hypersensitivity reaction should be investigated?
Type 2 hypersensitivity
Type 3 hypersensitivity
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Type 4 hypersensitivity
5. When an autoimmune response occurs, the body attacks:
its own tissue.
medications intended to treat some disease.
rogue cells likely to become malignant.
foreign substances found in the tissue.
6. If a patient has a TLC of 70% of predicted, what might this indicate about their
lung health?
Possible restrictive lung disease
Possible obstructive lung disease
Increased lung compliance
Normal lung function
7. What immunoglobulin is primarily involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity
reactions?
IgA
IgG
IgE
, IgM
8. If a patient is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which type
of hypersensitivity reaction is primarily involved, and what implications does
this have for treatment?
Type 2 hypersensitivity; treatment may involve blood transfusions.
Type 4 hypersensitivity; treatment may involve corticosteroids.
Type 1 hypersensitivity; treatment may involve antihistamines.
Type 3 hypersensitivity; treatment may involve immunosuppressants
to reduce inflammation.
9. What is one primary cause of aortic regurgitation?
Coronary artery disease
Widening of the aortic annulus
Hypertension
Myocardial infarction
10. Describe how anemia affects the body's oxygen transport system.
Anemia reduces the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin
available to carry oxygen, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to
tissues.
Anemia has no effect on oxygen transport in the body.
Anemia causes the blood to become too thick for effective
circulation.
Anemia increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
11. In a scenario where a patient receives a kidney transplant from a genetically
different donor, what immune response might occur, and what could be a
, potential consequence?
The patient will likely have no immune response to the transplant.
The patient may develop an autoimmune disorder attacking their own
kidneys.
The patient may experience an allergic reaction to the donor tissue.
The patient may experience alloimmunity, leading to transplant
rejection.
12. In a clinical scenario, if a patient presents with symptoms localized to a
specific organ, which type of hypersensitivity reaction would you suspect,
and why?
Type 1 hypersensitivity, because it involves systemic reactions.
Type 1 hypersensitivity, because it is organ-specific.
Neither, as both types are non-specific.
Type 2 hypersensitivity, because it involves antibodies in body fluids.
13. What does an increased RBC distribution width (RDW) indicate in relation to
anemia?
It indicates the presence of microcytic or macrocytic anemia.
It indicates a deficiency in vitamin B12.
It indicates an infection in the body.
It indicates normal red blood cell production.
14. What is the typical mean corpuscular volume (MCV) range for normocytic
anemia?
100-120 fL
60-79 fL
Practice Q&A | Latest Update 2026 | Exam
Prep | Graded A+
1. If a patient presents with shortness of breath and a pansystolic murmur, what
diagnostic test would be most appropriate to confirm mitral regurgitation?
Chest X-ray
Electrocardiogram
Blood test
Echocardiogram
2. Describe the significance of residual volume in assessing lung health.
Residual volume indicates the amount of air left in the lungs, which
helps assess lung function and can indicate conditions like
obstructive lung disease.
Residual volume reflects the efficiency of gas exchange in the alveoli.
Residual volume measures the total lung capacity and is used to
diagnose asthma.
Residual volume is irrelevant in lung health assessments.
3. If a patient is diagnosed with thalassemia, what would be a likely
consequence regarding their oxygen transport in the body?
Normal oxygen transport
Reduced oxygen transport
Increased oxygen transport
, Enhanced oxygen transport efficiency
4. If a patient develops localized skin lesions after using a new cosmetic
product, which type of hypersensitivity reaction should be investigated?
Type 2 hypersensitivity
Type 3 hypersensitivity
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Type 4 hypersensitivity
5. When an autoimmune response occurs, the body attacks:
its own tissue.
medications intended to treat some disease.
rogue cells likely to become malignant.
foreign substances found in the tissue.
6. If a patient has a TLC of 70% of predicted, what might this indicate about their
lung health?
Possible restrictive lung disease
Possible obstructive lung disease
Increased lung compliance
Normal lung function
7. What immunoglobulin is primarily involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity
reactions?
IgA
IgG
IgE
, IgM
8. If a patient is diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which type
of hypersensitivity reaction is primarily involved, and what implications does
this have for treatment?
Type 2 hypersensitivity; treatment may involve blood transfusions.
Type 4 hypersensitivity; treatment may involve corticosteroids.
Type 1 hypersensitivity; treatment may involve antihistamines.
Type 3 hypersensitivity; treatment may involve immunosuppressants
to reduce inflammation.
9. What is one primary cause of aortic regurgitation?
Coronary artery disease
Widening of the aortic annulus
Hypertension
Myocardial infarction
10. Describe how anemia affects the body's oxygen transport system.
Anemia reduces the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin
available to carry oxygen, leading to decreased oxygen delivery to
tissues.
Anemia has no effect on oxygen transport in the body.
Anemia causes the blood to become too thick for effective
circulation.
Anemia increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
11. In a scenario where a patient receives a kidney transplant from a genetically
different donor, what immune response might occur, and what could be a
, potential consequence?
The patient will likely have no immune response to the transplant.
The patient may develop an autoimmune disorder attacking their own
kidneys.
The patient may experience an allergic reaction to the donor tissue.
The patient may experience alloimmunity, leading to transplant
rejection.
12. In a clinical scenario, if a patient presents with symptoms localized to a
specific organ, which type of hypersensitivity reaction would you suspect,
and why?
Type 1 hypersensitivity, because it involves systemic reactions.
Type 1 hypersensitivity, because it is organ-specific.
Neither, as both types are non-specific.
Type 2 hypersensitivity, because it involves antibodies in body fluids.
13. What does an increased RBC distribution width (RDW) indicate in relation to
anemia?
It indicates the presence of microcytic or macrocytic anemia.
It indicates a deficiency in vitamin B12.
It indicates an infection in the body.
It indicates normal red blood cell production.
14. What is the typical mean corpuscular volume (MCV) range for normocytic
anemia?
100-120 fL
60-79 fL
