NUR 330 EXAMINATION TEST SCRIPT 2026
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ isotonic IV fluids
Answer: • Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)
• Lactated Ringer (LR)
• 5% dextrose in water (D5W)
◉ hypotonic IV fluids
Answer: -1/2 NS (0.45% NaCl)
-1/3 NS (0.33% NaCl)
-1/4 NS (0.225% NaCl)
-Free Water
◉ hypertonic IV fluids
Answer: -3% saline
-5% saline
-10% dextrose in water (D10W)
-5% dextrose in 0.9% saline
-5% dextrose in 0.45% saline
,-5% dextrose in lactated ringer
◉ isotonic
Answer: Expands only ECF, no net gain or loss from ICF
◉ hypotonic
Answer: More H2O than electrolytes, usually maintenance fluids,
and moves water from ECF to ICF
◉ Hypertonic
Answer: ICF to ECF fluid movement
◉ hypovolemia
Answer: o May occur alone or in combination with other imbalances
o Loss of extracellular fluid exceeds intake ratio of water
§ Electrolytes lost in same proportion as they exist in normal body
fluids
o Dehydration
§ Not technically the same as FVD but these terms are used
interchangeably
§ Loss of water alone, with increased serum sodium levels
o Causes:
,§ Abnormal fluid losses: Vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, GI suctioning
§ Decreased intake: Nausea, lack of access to fluids
§ Third-space fluid shifts: Due to burns, ascites
§ Additional causes: Diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency,
hemorrhage
◉ hypovolemia s/s
Answer: o S/S: Wt loss, decrease skin turgor, Decreased BP and
Urine output, tachycardia, cool clammy skin
o Labs: increase BUN and creatinine, electrolyte imbalances
◉ hypovolemia nursing management
Answer: § Daily weight
§ I&O at least every 8 hours, sometimes hourly
§ Vital signs
§ Skin turgor, mucosa, urine output, mental status
§ Measures to minimize fluid loss
§ Administration of oral fluids
§ Administration and monitoring of parenteral fluids
◉ hypervolemia
, Answer: o Isotonic expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal
retention of water and sodium in approximately the same
proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF
o Secondary to an increase in the total body sodium content
o Causes:
§ Due to fluid overload or diminished homeostatic mechanisms
§ Heart failure, kidney injury, cirrhosis of liver
§ Contributing factors: Consumption of excessive amounts of table
salt or other sodium salts
§ Excessive administration of sodium-containing fluids
◉ hypervolemia s/s
Answer: § Weight gain
§ Edema
§ Distended neck veins
§ Crackles
§ HTN, bounding pulse
§ Lab findings: decrease hgb, hct
◉ hypervolemia nursing and medical management
Answer: § I&O and daily weights; assess lung sounds, edema, other
symptoms
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS
◉ isotonic IV fluids
Answer: • Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)
• Lactated Ringer (LR)
• 5% dextrose in water (D5W)
◉ hypotonic IV fluids
Answer: -1/2 NS (0.45% NaCl)
-1/3 NS (0.33% NaCl)
-1/4 NS (0.225% NaCl)
-Free Water
◉ hypertonic IV fluids
Answer: -3% saline
-5% saline
-10% dextrose in water (D10W)
-5% dextrose in 0.9% saline
-5% dextrose in 0.45% saline
,-5% dextrose in lactated ringer
◉ isotonic
Answer: Expands only ECF, no net gain or loss from ICF
◉ hypotonic
Answer: More H2O than electrolytes, usually maintenance fluids,
and moves water from ECF to ICF
◉ Hypertonic
Answer: ICF to ECF fluid movement
◉ hypovolemia
Answer: o May occur alone or in combination with other imbalances
o Loss of extracellular fluid exceeds intake ratio of water
§ Electrolytes lost in same proportion as they exist in normal body
fluids
o Dehydration
§ Not technically the same as FVD but these terms are used
interchangeably
§ Loss of water alone, with increased serum sodium levels
o Causes:
,§ Abnormal fluid losses: Vomiting, diarrhea, sweating, GI suctioning
§ Decreased intake: Nausea, lack of access to fluids
§ Third-space fluid shifts: Due to burns, ascites
§ Additional causes: Diabetes insipidus, adrenal insufficiency,
hemorrhage
◉ hypovolemia s/s
Answer: o S/S: Wt loss, decrease skin turgor, Decreased BP and
Urine output, tachycardia, cool clammy skin
o Labs: increase BUN and creatinine, electrolyte imbalances
◉ hypovolemia nursing management
Answer: § Daily weight
§ I&O at least every 8 hours, sometimes hourly
§ Vital signs
§ Skin turgor, mucosa, urine output, mental status
§ Measures to minimize fluid loss
§ Administration of oral fluids
§ Administration and monitoring of parenteral fluids
◉ hypervolemia
, Answer: o Isotonic expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal
retention of water and sodium in approximately the same
proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF
o Secondary to an increase in the total body sodium content
o Causes:
§ Due to fluid overload or diminished homeostatic mechanisms
§ Heart failure, kidney injury, cirrhosis of liver
§ Contributing factors: Consumption of excessive amounts of table
salt or other sodium salts
§ Excessive administration of sodium-containing fluids
◉ hypervolemia s/s
Answer: § Weight gain
§ Edema
§ Distended neck veins
§ Crackles
§ HTN, bounding pulse
§ Lab findings: decrease hgb, hct
◉ hypervolemia nursing and medical management
Answer: § I&O and daily weights; assess lung sounds, edema, other
symptoms
