Chamberlain NR 511 Midterm NEWEST
AND LATEST EXAM VERSION OF
(2026-2027) With Expected real and
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,What are common causes of N/V associated with gastritis? - correct ans:Alcohol, NSAIDs, ASA, ABX, and
illicit substances
What is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting? - correct ans:Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)
What are some manifestations of AGE? - correct ans:Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, fever, abdominal
pain. May also include fatigue, malaise, anorexia, tenesmus and borborygmus.
How is the severity of AGE gauged? - correct ans:Dehydration secondary to profuse watery diarrhea,
fever greater than 101ºF (38.3ºC), vomiting, or dysentery.
What are important parts of a patient's history when AGE is suspected? - correct ans:Travel, dining
locations, ABX history..
What happens to the pH of the stomach when antacids are taken and how does this affect bacteria? -
correct ans:High pH can make it easier for bacteria to survive and cause and infection.
How does motility of the GI tract affect bacteria colonization? - correct ans:Small bowel stasis as a result
of obstruction, diverticulitis, or blind loop syndrome frequently develop an overgrowth of bacteria
within the stagnant segment.
Which immunoglobulin may protect the GI tract against invading organisms? - correct ans:IgA...may
also help protect against a future attack by the same pathogen.
Onset of N/V begin within 6 hours after exposure. Is this bacterial or viral? - correct ans:Bacterial: time
frame suggests food poisoning resulting from the ingestion of a preformed toxin such as that of Bacillus
cereus.
What two indications are highly suggestive of viral AGE? - correct ans:Incubation periods greater than
14 hours and the initial symptom of vomiting.
,If a patient presents with AGE and reports bloody stools, what can be understood about the reason for
blood in the stool/ - correct ans:Mucosal damage and inflammatory process secondary to invasive
pathogens.
What do frothy stools and flatus suggest? - correct ans:Malabsorption problem.
Patients with prolonged AGE illness who are malnourished may present with edema. What is the
reason? - correct ans:Hypoalbuminemia
T or F: Chronic diarrhea usually has a noninfectious etiology. - correct ans:True
T or F: Acute diarrhea usually is caused by infectious agents or toxins - correct ans:True
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in adults? - correct ans:Norovirus
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in pediatrics? - correct ans:Rotavirus. This has
been greatly reduced since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.
T or F: Stool studies are indicated in the absence of bloody diarrhea or systemic disease - correct
ans:False
T or F: A CBC will help distinguish between viral and bacterial AGE - correct ans:False
When are stool studies warranted? - correct ans:Severe or prolonged diarrhea, a fever > 38.5ºC, bloody
stools or stools that test positive for leukocytes or occult blood.
What are common pathogens involved in Traveler's Diarrhea? - correct ans:Shigella, Campylobacter,
and E. coli.
What should the clinician do if the patient develops diarrhea after initiation of completion of antibiotic
therapy? - correct ans:Test for C. diff.
, What are some DDx of AGE, particularly in patients with persistent or chronic diarrhea and severe
abdominal pain? - correct ans:IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel disease, partial bowel obstruction, small bowel
diverticulosis.
What are some red flag symptoms that may indicate the need for hospitalization? - correct
ans:Hypovolemia, dehydration, abnormal electrolytes, decreased renal function, bloody stool/rectal
bleeding, weight loss, severe abdominal pain, prolonged symptoms greater than 1 week, pregnancy,
advanced age, history of hospitalization or antibiotic use in the last 3-6 months.
What is the usual course of treatment for AGE? - correct ans:Only supportive treatment is initiated
since AGE is usually self-limiting and resolves within 1 week after onset of symptoms.
How such patients with evidence of dehydration be treated initially? - correct ans:Fluid repletion and
nutrition. Sports drinks aren't as effective as specific electrolyte replenishing drinks.
At what point should a patient be referred to the hospital for dehydration? - correct ans:Signs of
hypovolemia such as hypotension, tachycardia, pallor, and poor skin turgor.
T of F: Empiric antimicrobial therapy is recommended for patients with severe diarrhea suspected form
traveling. - correct ans:True. Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Floxacin.
T or F: Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk areas is appropriate. - correct ans:True
How effective is antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk areas? - correct ans:90%
effective
What does antibiotic prophylaxis treatment consist of? - correct ans:Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin,
or Floxacin given once daily until 2 days after returning home.
What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients < 65 years or age with moderate to severe
diarrhea? - correct ans:Two-day course of Loperamide (Imodium)
AND LATEST EXAM VERSION OF
(2026-2027) With Expected real and
comprehensive Questions and
Revised Correct Answers Guarantee
Pass A+
Professional Academic Assistance Services
Services Offered
Proctored Exam Assistance
Online Class Management (Full Course Support)
Exam Preparation & Study Materials
Assignments and Coursework Support
Essays and Research Papers
Discussion Posts and Replies
,What are common causes of N/V associated with gastritis? - correct ans:Alcohol, NSAIDs, ASA, ABX, and
illicit substances
What is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting? - correct ans:Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)
What are some manifestations of AGE? - correct ans:Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, fever, abdominal
pain. May also include fatigue, malaise, anorexia, tenesmus and borborygmus.
How is the severity of AGE gauged? - correct ans:Dehydration secondary to profuse watery diarrhea,
fever greater than 101ºF (38.3ºC), vomiting, or dysentery.
What are important parts of a patient's history when AGE is suspected? - correct ans:Travel, dining
locations, ABX history..
What happens to the pH of the stomach when antacids are taken and how does this affect bacteria? -
correct ans:High pH can make it easier for bacteria to survive and cause and infection.
How does motility of the GI tract affect bacteria colonization? - correct ans:Small bowel stasis as a result
of obstruction, diverticulitis, or blind loop syndrome frequently develop an overgrowth of bacteria
within the stagnant segment.
Which immunoglobulin may protect the GI tract against invading organisms? - correct ans:IgA...may
also help protect against a future attack by the same pathogen.
Onset of N/V begin within 6 hours after exposure. Is this bacterial or viral? - correct ans:Bacterial: time
frame suggests food poisoning resulting from the ingestion of a preformed toxin such as that of Bacillus
cereus.
What two indications are highly suggestive of viral AGE? - correct ans:Incubation periods greater than
14 hours and the initial symptom of vomiting.
,If a patient presents with AGE and reports bloody stools, what can be understood about the reason for
blood in the stool/ - correct ans:Mucosal damage and inflammatory process secondary to invasive
pathogens.
What do frothy stools and flatus suggest? - correct ans:Malabsorption problem.
Patients with prolonged AGE illness who are malnourished may present with edema. What is the
reason? - correct ans:Hypoalbuminemia
T or F: Chronic diarrhea usually has a noninfectious etiology. - correct ans:True
T or F: Acute diarrhea usually is caused by infectious agents or toxins - correct ans:True
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in adults? - correct ans:Norovirus
What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in pediatrics? - correct ans:Rotavirus. This has
been greatly reduced since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.
T or F: Stool studies are indicated in the absence of bloody diarrhea or systemic disease - correct
ans:False
T or F: A CBC will help distinguish between viral and bacterial AGE - correct ans:False
When are stool studies warranted? - correct ans:Severe or prolonged diarrhea, a fever > 38.5ºC, bloody
stools or stools that test positive for leukocytes or occult blood.
What are common pathogens involved in Traveler's Diarrhea? - correct ans:Shigella, Campylobacter,
and E. coli.
What should the clinician do if the patient develops diarrhea after initiation of completion of antibiotic
therapy? - correct ans:Test for C. diff.
, What are some DDx of AGE, particularly in patients with persistent or chronic diarrhea and severe
abdominal pain? - correct ans:IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel disease, partial bowel obstruction, small bowel
diverticulosis.
What are some red flag symptoms that may indicate the need for hospitalization? - correct
ans:Hypovolemia, dehydration, abnormal electrolytes, decreased renal function, bloody stool/rectal
bleeding, weight loss, severe abdominal pain, prolonged symptoms greater than 1 week, pregnancy,
advanced age, history of hospitalization or antibiotic use in the last 3-6 months.
What is the usual course of treatment for AGE? - correct ans:Only supportive treatment is initiated
since AGE is usually self-limiting and resolves within 1 week after onset of symptoms.
How such patients with evidence of dehydration be treated initially? - correct ans:Fluid repletion and
nutrition. Sports drinks aren't as effective as specific electrolyte replenishing drinks.
At what point should a patient be referred to the hospital for dehydration? - correct ans:Signs of
hypovolemia such as hypotension, tachycardia, pallor, and poor skin turgor.
T of F: Empiric antimicrobial therapy is recommended for patients with severe diarrhea suspected form
traveling. - correct ans:True. Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Floxacin.
T or F: Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk areas is appropriate. - correct ans:True
How effective is antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk areas? - correct ans:90%
effective
What does antibiotic prophylaxis treatment consist of? - correct ans:Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin,
or Floxacin given once daily until 2 days after returning home.
What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients < 65 years or age with moderate to severe
diarrhea? - correct ans:Two-day course of Loperamide (Imodium)
