007b: AP Psychology Personality Psychology ACTUAL UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Id Lives by the pleasure principle; wants immediate gratification
Ego Lives by the reality principle; strongest part of the personality in a healthy
individual
Superego Lives by the moral principle; can leave a person feeling a sense of guilt for wrong-
doing.
Techniques used by Freud to enter the unconscious (1) Hypnosis (2) Free Association (3) Dream Interpretation (Remember: Freud
stopped using hypnosis b/c it was unreliable)
Alfred Adler Emphasized the inferiority complex; how a person will overcompensate for
shortcomings experienced during childhood.
Carl Jung Explored the collective unconscious and archetypes; basis of the Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator Personality Assessment
Spotlight Effect Similar to a teenager's imaginary audience; when a person feels as though
everyone is aware of their mistakes and missteps, especially when it comes to
appearances.
Defense Mechanisms Freud believed these would protect the ego from being hurt or injured.
Self-Efficacy Bandura's theory refers to an individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute
behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments (i.e.- A person
feels that they can beat cancer by eating right and exercising).
Self-Serving Bias Taking credit for good things and blaming others when things go wrong.
Individualistic Culture A society that values independent thoughts, actions, and the need to be the best.
Collectivistic Culture A society that values interdependence, social harmony and group cooperation.
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Id Lives by the pleasure principle; wants immediate gratification
Ego Lives by the reality principle; strongest part of the personality in a healthy
individual
Superego Lives by the moral principle; can leave a person feeling a sense of guilt for wrong-
doing.
Techniques used by Freud to enter the unconscious (1) Hypnosis (2) Free Association (3) Dream Interpretation (Remember: Freud
stopped using hypnosis b/c it was unreliable)
Alfred Adler Emphasized the inferiority complex; how a person will overcompensate for
shortcomings experienced during childhood.
Carl Jung Explored the collective unconscious and archetypes; basis of the Myers-Briggs
Type Indicator Personality Assessment
Spotlight Effect Similar to a teenager's imaginary audience; when a person feels as though
everyone is aware of their mistakes and missteps, especially when it comes to
appearances.
Defense Mechanisms Freud believed these would protect the ego from being hurt or injured.
Self-Efficacy Bandura's theory refers to an individual's belief in his or her capacity to execute
behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments (i.e.- A person
feels that they can beat cancer by eating right and exercising).
Self-Serving Bias Taking credit for good things and blaming others when things go wrong.
Individualistic Culture A society that values independent thoughts, actions, and the need to be the best.
Collectivistic Culture A society that values interdependence, social harmony and group cooperation.
