NUR 2063 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE - RASMUSSEN UNIVERSITY | QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | BRAND NEW 2026 UPDATE!!!!

passive immunity - ANSWER Transfer of performed antibodies against a specific antigen
from protected or immunized individual to an unprotected or non-immunized individual



Examples of passive immunity - ANSWER IgA in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing pla-
centa, antitoxin, serotherapy (direct injection of antibodies)



Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) - ANSWER 3.5-5.0 mEq/L



Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid) - ANSWER 135-145 mEq/L



Calcium value normal range - ANSWER 9-11 mg/dL OR 4.5-5.5 mEq/L



Phosphate value normal range - ANSWER 2.5-4.5 mg/dL



Magnesium value normal range - ANSWER 1.5-2.5 mEq/L



Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood) - ANSWER 23-30
mEq/L



Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L - ANSWER hypokalemia



Condition of high potassium >5 mEq/L - ANSWER Hyperkalemia



Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L - ANSWER hyponatremia / hypernatremia

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, Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L - ANSWER hypernatremia



condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL - ANSWER hypophophatemia



Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL - ANSWER Hyperphosphatemia



Condition of low chloride <96 mEq/L - ANSWER hypochloremia



Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L - ANSWER Hyperchloremia



Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L - ANSWER hypomagnesemia



Condition of high magnesium >2.5 mEq/L - ANSWER Hypermagesemia



condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL - ANSWER hypocalcemia



condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL - ANSWER hypercalcemia



Pathophysiology - ANSWER the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living
beings



Pathology - ANSWER the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs,
tissues, cells, and bodily fluids



Etiology - ANSWER The study of the causes and origins of disease




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