Intro to Psychology Exam 1 Study Guide UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS
Willhelm Wundt First person to establish a psychology laboratory in Liepzig, Germany in 1879.
He was a physiologist and philosopher.
Structuralism Used introspective to explore the structural elements of the human mind
Functionalism Focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-- how they enable
us to adapt, survive and flourish
Sigmund Freud -A psychiatrist
-An Austrian physician
-He and his followers emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and its
effects on human behavior. He attempted to cure female victims of hysteria
through speaking to them`
Psychologists in the 1920's-1960's Many pioneering psychologists such as Freud, Piaget, Watson, Rogers, and
Maslow
Behaviorists -Objective
-Watson and later Skinner, emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject
matter of scientific psychology
-Between 1920 and 1960, these were the top "psychologists" and gained or lost
respect from the rest of the scientific community
B.F. Skinner Most famous Behaviorist
Humanistic Psychology Maslow and Rogers emphasized current environmental influences on our growth
potential and our NEED FOR LOVE AND ACCEPTANCE
Psychology today The scientific study of behavior and our mental processes
Psychology is... A combo of anatomy and philosophy
Nature vs. Nurture The argument over whether the way you are raised overpowers your human
nature, or vice versa
Psychology's 3 Levels of Analysis 1. Biological Influences
2. Psychological Influences
3. Social-cultural Influences
, Examples of Biological Influences Genetic predispositions, genetic mutations, genes and responding to the
environment
Examples of Psychological Influences Learned fears and expectations, Emotional responses, Cognitive processing and
perceptual interpretations
Examples o Social-Cultural Influences Presence of others, Cultural, societal, family expectations, peer and other group
influences, compelling models such as the media
The BioPsychoSocial Model is A combination of Biological, Psychological, and Social factors
Ex: Lori is depressed because she has a genetic predisposition, has been sad for
the past 6 months, because of stress at work and the loss of a loved one.
Behaviorist School of Psychology attributed largely by Watson, Pavlov and Skinner
-All behaviors are learned through reward and punishment pairings
Humanistic School of Psychology -Says humans are unique and good and possess an inner ability to change: free
will and growth are important
-Motivation based on hierarchy of needs
Person-Centered Therapy Therapy in which the patient directs therapy and others support helps the patient
become better
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic School of Psychology -Developed by Freud, and believed our unconscious mind shapes our thoughts
and behaviors
-Believes that childhood is the most important point of development
-Ex: anal retentive or anal repuslive
Cognitive School of Psychology -We interpret the environment around us
-Behaviors are based on the perception of the world
-Thoughts shape feelings, which shape behaviors
Biological (physiological) School of Psychology -Investigates how specific physiological processes explain individual differences
-Describe how internal biological events interact with the environment
Hindsight Bias The "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon
Vivid Cases People fail to make accurate generalizations because they are unduly influenced
by vivid cases such as Jersey Shhore
Critical Thinking -Does not accept arguments and conclusions blindly
-It examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and
assesses conclusions
Empirical Approach By testing their predictions with the observational method of science,
psychologists are using an empirical approach
CORRECT ANSWERS
Willhelm Wundt First person to establish a psychology laboratory in Liepzig, Germany in 1879.
He was a physiologist and philosopher.
Structuralism Used introspective to explore the structural elements of the human mind
Functionalism Focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function-- how they enable
us to adapt, survive and flourish
Sigmund Freud -A psychiatrist
-An Austrian physician
-He and his followers emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and its
effects on human behavior. He attempted to cure female victims of hysteria
through speaking to them`
Psychologists in the 1920's-1960's Many pioneering psychologists such as Freud, Piaget, Watson, Rogers, and
Maslow
Behaviorists -Objective
-Watson and later Skinner, emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject
matter of scientific psychology
-Between 1920 and 1960, these were the top "psychologists" and gained or lost
respect from the rest of the scientific community
B.F. Skinner Most famous Behaviorist
Humanistic Psychology Maslow and Rogers emphasized current environmental influences on our growth
potential and our NEED FOR LOVE AND ACCEPTANCE
Psychology today The scientific study of behavior and our mental processes
Psychology is... A combo of anatomy and philosophy
Nature vs. Nurture The argument over whether the way you are raised overpowers your human
nature, or vice versa
Psychology's 3 Levels of Analysis 1. Biological Influences
2. Psychological Influences
3. Social-cultural Influences
, Examples of Biological Influences Genetic predispositions, genetic mutations, genes and responding to the
environment
Examples of Psychological Influences Learned fears and expectations, Emotional responses, Cognitive processing and
perceptual interpretations
Examples o Social-Cultural Influences Presence of others, Cultural, societal, family expectations, peer and other group
influences, compelling models such as the media
The BioPsychoSocial Model is A combination of Biological, Psychological, and Social factors
Ex: Lori is depressed because she has a genetic predisposition, has been sad for
the past 6 months, because of stress at work and the loss of a loved one.
Behaviorist School of Psychology attributed largely by Watson, Pavlov and Skinner
-All behaviors are learned through reward and punishment pairings
Humanistic School of Psychology -Says humans are unique and good and possess an inner ability to change: free
will and growth are important
-Motivation based on hierarchy of needs
Person-Centered Therapy Therapy in which the patient directs therapy and others support helps the patient
become better
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic School of Psychology -Developed by Freud, and believed our unconscious mind shapes our thoughts
and behaviors
-Believes that childhood is the most important point of development
-Ex: anal retentive or anal repuslive
Cognitive School of Psychology -We interpret the environment around us
-Behaviors are based on the perception of the world
-Thoughts shape feelings, which shape behaviors
Biological (physiological) School of Psychology -Investigates how specific physiological processes explain individual differences
-Describe how internal biological events interact with the environment
Hindsight Bias The "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon
Vivid Cases People fail to make accurate generalizations because they are unduly influenced
by vivid cases such as Jersey Shhore
Critical Thinking -Does not accept arguments and conclusions blindly
-It examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and
assesses conclusions
Empirical Approach By testing their predictions with the observational method of science,
psychologists are using an empirical approach
