Advanced Pathophysiology HESI final Exam
Questions with verified correct Answers latest update
2026/2027|Just Released!!
What factor causes a congenital heart disease to produce
cyanosis?
a. Left-to-right shunting of blood
b. Right-to-left shunting of blood
c. Ventricular septal obstruction
d. Atherosclerotic plaques - ANSWER-b. Right-to-left
shunting of blood
A patient with heart failure complains of awakening
intermittently during the night
,with shortness of breath. Which term describes this?
a. Dyspnea
b. Orthopnea
c. Paroxysmal dyspnea
d. Cyanosis - ANSWER-c. Paroxysmal dyspnea
A patient is admitted to the hospital with L heart failure.
Which symptoms is NOT
expected?
a. Pedal edema
b. Cough
c. Dyspnea
d. Crackles in lungs - ANSWER-a. Pedal edema
,A patient is in hypovolemic shock. What compensatory
mechanism will help
preserve adequate circulation?
a. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade.
b. Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity
c. Vasodilation
d. Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -
ANSWER-a. Renin-angiotensin-alsosterone cascade
Which kind of shock is NOT characterized by vasodilation
and peripheral pooling
of blood?
a. Cardiogenic
, b. Septic
c. Anaphylactic
d. Neurogenic - ANSWER-a. Cardiogenic
What is the underlying problem in ALL shock states?
a. Tachycardia
b. Cardiac failure
c. Faulty compensatory mechanisms
d. Inadequate cellular oxygenation - ANSWER-d.
Inadequate cellular oxygenation
When cells get hypoxic, they switch to anaerobic
metabolism. What is produced?
a. Excess energy
Questions with verified correct Answers latest update
2026/2027|Just Released!!
What factor causes a congenital heart disease to produce
cyanosis?
a. Left-to-right shunting of blood
b. Right-to-left shunting of blood
c. Ventricular septal obstruction
d. Atherosclerotic plaques - ANSWER-b. Right-to-left
shunting of blood
A patient with heart failure complains of awakening
intermittently during the night
,with shortness of breath. Which term describes this?
a. Dyspnea
b. Orthopnea
c. Paroxysmal dyspnea
d. Cyanosis - ANSWER-c. Paroxysmal dyspnea
A patient is admitted to the hospital with L heart failure.
Which symptoms is NOT
expected?
a. Pedal edema
b. Cough
c. Dyspnea
d. Crackles in lungs - ANSWER-a. Pedal edema
,A patient is in hypovolemic shock. What compensatory
mechanism will help
preserve adequate circulation?
a. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade.
b. Increased parasympathetic nervous system activity
c. Vasodilation
d. Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) -
ANSWER-a. Renin-angiotensin-alsosterone cascade
Which kind of shock is NOT characterized by vasodilation
and peripheral pooling
of blood?
a. Cardiogenic
, b. Septic
c. Anaphylactic
d. Neurogenic - ANSWER-a. Cardiogenic
What is the underlying problem in ALL shock states?
a. Tachycardia
b. Cardiac failure
c. Faulty compensatory mechanisms
d. Inadequate cellular oxygenation - ANSWER-d.
Inadequate cellular oxygenation
When cells get hypoxic, they switch to anaerobic
metabolism. What is produced?
a. Excess energy
