Emergency Management Final Exam| Latest Updated 2025/2026 (Graded A+)
4 key steps recommended in the early response to the COVID-19 pandemic ✔️1) Review and update preparedness plans developed for earlier
epidemics, 2) Prepare hospitals and clinics to respond, 3) Rapidly expand diagnostic testing, 4) Take public health actions to slow the spread of
the epidemic
Health system resiliency ✔️Building on pre-existing strengths to enhance the readiness of health system actors to respond to crises, while also
maintaining core functions
10 thematic categories to build health system resiliency ✔️1) Core health system capacities and capabilities, 2) Critical infrastructure and
transportation, 3) Financing, 4) Barriers to accessing health services, 5) Communication, collaboration, coordination, and partnerships, 6)
Leadership and command structure, 7) Surge capacity, 8) Risk communication, 9) Workforce, 10) Infection control
Surge logistics ✔️The elements that provide the capacity to deliver mass critical care, especially during a large-scale disaster or pandemic
5 categories geared toward developing and maintaining the capacity to provide mass critical care ✔️1) Stockpiling of equipment, supplies, and
pharmaceuticals, 2) Staff preparation and organization, 3) Patient flow and distribution, 4) Deployable critical care services, 5) Using
transportation assets to support surge response
National Disaster Medical System ✔️Is ill-prepared to provide enough capacity in the event of a major incident where thousands of people might
be injured or ill; it was created in the early 80s to respond to excessive military casualties in a foreign war, not to deal with a sudden
catastrophe
100,000 ✔️Number of victims consistent with the number of live casualties expected after a terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction
or a major earthquake
6 strategies for scarce resource situations ✔️1) Prepare, 2) Conserve, 3) Substitute, 4) Adapt, 5) Re-use, 6) Re-allocate
Crisis standards of care (CSC) ✔️The primary goal is to have processes in place to manage resources well enough to avoid needing to make triage
decisions (e.g., withholding or reallocating potentially lifesaving resources)
Recovery ✔️The least researched and most poorly understood phase of a disaster; involves picking up the pieces after a disaster and trying to
return to a sense of normalcy
Disaster recovery ✔️Most important lesson: invest time thinking about how you will recover before the disaster strikes- this will pay tremendous
dividends in the aftermath, since you can anticipate demands, organize resources, and determine a basic strategy that increases efficiency and
adaptability
4 features of sustainable communities ✔️1) Make more efficient use of their land, including preventing development from encroaching upon
floodplains, active fault zones, and other hazard areas, 2) Maintain social viability by balancing the competing needs of their citizens, 3)
Maintain economic viability by keeping business out of high-risk areas or disaster proofing them if there is no practical way to relocate them, 4)
Maintain environmental sustainability by preserving natural systems and limiting environmental degradation
Essential characteristic of sustainable communities ✔️Resiliency
Two categories of "recovery" ✔️1) External, 2) Internal
40% ✔️% of businesses that never reopen following during a disaster (and at least 25% of the remaining companies close within two years)
Resources available to recover from a disaster incident ✔️Include the "Open for Business Disaster Planning Toolkit", Operation Fresh Start,
American Red Cross, local, state and federal government assistance
Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) ✔️A nonprofit initiative of the insurance industry to reduce the social and economic effects of
natural disaster and other property losses by conducting research and advocating for improved construction, maintenance, and preparation
practices; prepares the "Open for Business Disaster Planning Toolkit"
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ✔️Authorizes the president to issue major disaster or emergency declarations in
response to catastrophes, and such declarations result in the distribution of federal aid to individuals and families, some nonprofit orgs, public
agencies
Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) ✔️Administered by FEMA, money appropriations come from Congress; this money is only intended to cover losses
that are not covered by insurance
Federal disaster assistance ✔️Most comes in the form of loans administered by the Small Business Administration
4 key steps recommended in the early response to the COVID-19 pandemic ✔️1) Review and update preparedness plans developed for earlier
epidemics, 2) Prepare hospitals and clinics to respond, 3) Rapidly expand diagnostic testing, 4) Take public health actions to slow the spread of
the epidemic
Health system resiliency ✔️Building on pre-existing strengths to enhance the readiness of health system actors to respond to crises, while also
maintaining core functions
10 thematic categories to build health system resiliency ✔️1) Core health system capacities and capabilities, 2) Critical infrastructure and
transportation, 3) Financing, 4) Barriers to accessing health services, 5) Communication, collaboration, coordination, and partnerships, 6)
Leadership and command structure, 7) Surge capacity, 8) Risk communication, 9) Workforce, 10) Infection control
Surge logistics ✔️The elements that provide the capacity to deliver mass critical care, especially during a large-scale disaster or pandemic
5 categories geared toward developing and maintaining the capacity to provide mass critical care ✔️1) Stockpiling of equipment, supplies, and
pharmaceuticals, 2) Staff preparation and organization, 3) Patient flow and distribution, 4) Deployable critical care services, 5) Using
transportation assets to support surge response
National Disaster Medical System ✔️Is ill-prepared to provide enough capacity in the event of a major incident where thousands of people might
be injured or ill; it was created in the early 80s to respond to excessive military casualties in a foreign war, not to deal with a sudden
catastrophe
100,000 ✔️Number of victims consistent with the number of live casualties expected after a terrorist attack using weapons of mass destruction
or a major earthquake
6 strategies for scarce resource situations ✔️1) Prepare, 2) Conserve, 3) Substitute, 4) Adapt, 5) Re-use, 6) Re-allocate
Crisis standards of care (CSC) ✔️The primary goal is to have processes in place to manage resources well enough to avoid needing to make triage
decisions (e.g., withholding or reallocating potentially lifesaving resources)
Recovery ✔️The least researched and most poorly understood phase of a disaster; involves picking up the pieces after a disaster and trying to
return to a sense of normalcy
Disaster recovery ✔️Most important lesson: invest time thinking about how you will recover before the disaster strikes- this will pay tremendous
dividends in the aftermath, since you can anticipate demands, organize resources, and determine a basic strategy that increases efficiency and
adaptability
4 features of sustainable communities ✔️1) Make more efficient use of their land, including preventing development from encroaching upon
floodplains, active fault zones, and other hazard areas, 2) Maintain social viability by balancing the competing needs of their citizens, 3)
Maintain economic viability by keeping business out of high-risk areas or disaster proofing them if there is no practical way to relocate them, 4)
Maintain environmental sustainability by preserving natural systems and limiting environmental degradation
Essential characteristic of sustainable communities ✔️Resiliency
Two categories of "recovery" ✔️1) External, 2) Internal
40% ✔️% of businesses that never reopen following during a disaster (and at least 25% of the remaining companies close within two years)
Resources available to recover from a disaster incident ✔️Include the "Open for Business Disaster Planning Toolkit", Operation Fresh Start,
American Red Cross, local, state and federal government assistance
Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS) ✔️A nonprofit initiative of the insurance industry to reduce the social and economic effects of
natural disaster and other property losses by conducting research and advocating for improved construction, maintenance, and preparation
practices; prepares the "Open for Business Disaster Planning Toolkit"
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act ✔️Authorizes the president to issue major disaster or emergency declarations in
response to catastrophes, and such declarations result in the distribution of federal aid to individuals and families, some nonprofit orgs, public
agencies
Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) ✔️Administered by FEMA, money appropriations come from Congress; this money is only intended to cover losses
that are not covered by insurance
Federal disaster assistance ✔️Most comes in the form of loans administered by the Small Business Administration
