Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine Biology Actual Exam
2026/2027: Complete Exam-Style Questions with Detailed Rationales
| 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 | Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics | Q1 – Q10
Section 2 | Human Anatomy and Physiology | Q11 – Q20
Section 3 | Biochemistry and Metabolism | Q21 – Q30
Section 4 | Microbiology and Immunology | Q31 – Q40
Section 5 | Developmental Biology and Histology | Q41 – Q50
Instructions: Choose the single best answer. Pass: 80% in 90 minutes.
══════════════════════════════════════
SECTION 1: CELL BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS Q1 – Q10
══════════════════════════════════════
Question 1 of 50
A 24-year-old woman presents to a genetics clinic with progressive muscle weakness
and exercise intolerance. Her mother and maternal uncle share similar symptoms, but
her father and brother are unaffected. Muscle biopsy reveals ragged-red fibers. A
mutation in which of the following genetic components is most likely responsible for
this condition?
A. A tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17
B. Mitochondrial DNA ✓ CORRECT
C. An X-linked recessive gene on the X chromosome
D. A autosomal dominant gene on chromosome 4
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maternal inheritance pattern, ragged-red fibers, and exercise intolerance are
classic for mitochondrial myopathy caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. An
X-linked gene would not explain the unaffected brother and affected maternal uncle,
,while autosomal dominant and tumor suppressor patterns do not fit the exclusive
maternal transmission.
Question 2 of 50
During S phase of the cell cycle, a researcher observes that a particular DNA
polymerase can synthesize DNA continuously on the leading strand but fails to initiate
synthesis on the lagging strand without additional factors. Which enzyme is most likely
required to enable this polymerase to begin synthesis on the lagging strand?
A. DNA ligase
B. Topoisomerase II
C. Helicase
D. DNA primase ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: DNA primase synthesizes short RNA primers that provide the 3'-OH group
required for DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis on the lagging strand. DNA ligase
joins Okazaki fragments after synthesis, while helicase unwinds DNA and
topoisomerase relieves supercoiling stress, but neither provides the essential primer.
Question 3 of 50
A 45-year-old man develops multiple benign tumors of the nervous system. Genetic
testing reveals a mutation in the NF1 gene. The normal protein product of this gene
functions primarily to regulate which of the following cellular processes?
A. Ras GTPase signaling ✓ CORRECT
B. DNA mismatch repair
C. Apoptosis via caspase activation
D. Cell cycle progression through cyclin D
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: Neurofibromin, the NF1 gene product, acts as a GTPase-activating protein
(GAP) that negatively regulates Ras signaling by accelerating GTP hydrolysis. Mutations
lead to constitutive Ras activation and tumor formation. DNA mismatch repair is
associated with Lynch syndrome, and direct cyclin D regulation is not the primary
function of neurofibromin.
Question 4 of 50
A cell biologist treats cultured fibroblasts with a drug that blocks the function of the
signal recognition particle (SRP). Which of the following proteins would most likely fail
to reach its proper cellular destination as a direct result of this treatment?
A. Cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase
B. Nuclear histone H2B
C. Lysosomal acid hydrolase ✓ CORRECT
D. Cytoskeletal actin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The signal recognition particle is essential for co-translational targeting of
secretory and membrane proteins to the rough endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomal acid
hydrolases enter the secretory pathway via SRP-dependent translocation. Cytoplasmic
lactate dehydrogenase, nuclear histone H2B, and cytoskeletal actin are synthesized on
free ribosomes and do not require SRP.
Question 5 of 50
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the clinic with severe muscle cramps after exercise. Blood
tests reveal significantly elevated creatine kinase and myoglobinuria. A muscle biopsy
shows absent phosphorylase activity. This enzyme normally catalyzes the rate-limiting
step in which of the following metabolic processes?
A. Gluconeogenesis from lactate
2026/2027: Complete Exam-Style Questions with Detailed Rationales
| 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 | Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics | Q1 – Q10
Section 2 | Human Anatomy and Physiology | Q11 – Q20
Section 3 | Biochemistry and Metabolism | Q21 – Q30
Section 4 | Microbiology and Immunology | Q31 – Q40
Section 5 | Developmental Biology and Histology | Q41 – Q50
Instructions: Choose the single best answer. Pass: 80% in 90 minutes.
══════════════════════════════════════
SECTION 1: CELL BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR GENETICS Q1 – Q10
══════════════════════════════════════
Question 1 of 50
A 24-year-old woman presents to a genetics clinic with progressive muscle weakness
and exercise intolerance. Her mother and maternal uncle share similar symptoms, but
her father and brother are unaffected. Muscle biopsy reveals ragged-red fibers. A
mutation in which of the following genetic components is most likely responsible for
this condition?
A. A tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 17
B. Mitochondrial DNA ✓ CORRECT
C. An X-linked recessive gene on the X chromosome
D. A autosomal dominant gene on chromosome 4
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Maternal inheritance pattern, ragged-red fibers, and exercise intolerance are
classic for mitochondrial myopathy caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. An
X-linked gene would not explain the unaffected brother and affected maternal uncle,
,while autosomal dominant and tumor suppressor patterns do not fit the exclusive
maternal transmission.
Question 2 of 50
During S phase of the cell cycle, a researcher observes that a particular DNA
polymerase can synthesize DNA continuously on the leading strand but fails to initiate
synthesis on the lagging strand without additional factors. Which enzyme is most likely
required to enable this polymerase to begin synthesis on the lagging strand?
A. DNA ligase
B. Topoisomerase II
C. Helicase
D. DNA primase ✓ CORRECT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: DNA primase synthesizes short RNA primers that provide the 3'-OH group
required for DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis on the lagging strand. DNA ligase
joins Okazaki fragments after synthesis, while helicase unwinds DNA and
topoisomerase relieves supercoiling stress, but neither provides the essential primer.
Question 3 of 50
A 45-year-old man develops multiple benign tumors of the nervous system. Genetic
testing reveals a mutation in the NF1 gene. The normal protein product of this gene
functions primarily to regulate which of the following cellular processes?
A. Ras GTPase signaling ✓ CORRECT
B. DNA mismatch repair
C. Apoptosis via caspase activation
D. Cell cycle progression through cyclin D
Correct Answer: A
, Rationale: Neurofibromin, the NF1 gene product, acts as a GTPase-activating protein
(GAP) that negatively regulates Ras signaling by accelerating GTP hydrolysis. Mutations
lead to constitutive Ras activation and tumor formation. DNA mismatch repair is
associated with Lynch syndrome, and direct cyclin D regulation is not the primary
function of neurofibromin.
Question 4 of 50
A cell biologist treats cultured fibroblasts with a drug that blocks the function of the
signal recognition particle (SRP). Which of the following proteins would most likely fail
to reach its proper cellular destination as a direct result of this treatment?
A. Cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase
B. Nuclear histone H2B
C. Lysosomal acid hydrolase ✓ CORRECT
D. Cytoskeletal actin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The signal recognition particle is essential for co-translational targeting of
secretory and membrane proteins to the rough endoplasmic reticulum; lysosomal acid
hydrolases enter the secretory pathway via SRP-dependent translocation. Cytoplasmic
lactate dehydrogenase, nuclear histone H2B, and cytoskeletal actin are synthesized on
free ribosomes and do not require SRP.
Question 5 of 50
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the clinic with severe muscle cramps after exercise. Blood
tests reveal significantly elevated creatine kinase and myoglobinuria. A muscle biopsy
shows absent phosphorylase activity. This enzyme normally catalyzes the rate-limiting
step in which of the following metabolic processes?
A. Gluconeogenesis from lactate
