GCD 3022 UMN EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
___ can alter chromosome structure Correct Answers
mutations
'hydrogen bonds' Correct Answers The partial negative charges
(d-) of oxygen and nitrogen attract hydrogens with partial
positive charges
"Simple Transposons" do Correct Answers Cut-and-Paste
Transposition
2n Correct Answers diploid
3 natural mechanisms by which the chromosome number in a
species can vary Correct Answers meitotic nondidjunction,
mitotic abnormalities, interspecies crosses
10nm fiber Correct Answers beads on a string
30nm fiber Correct Answers nucleosomes associate with each
other to form a more compact structure; organized into loops
A (iA) and B (iB) are both Correct Answers dominant (can be
codominant together)
a chromosomal duplication is usually caused by Correct
Answers abnormal events during recombination
,A few examples of __ polyploid animals have been discovered
Correct Answers vertebrate (gay tree frogs)
a large portion of heterochromatin associates with the Correct
Answers nuclear lamina at the nuclear periphery
A phosphate connects Correct Answers 5' C of one nucleotide
to the 3' C of another.
A single chromosome usually has Correct Answers a few
hundred to several thousand genes
A single retroelement can be copied into many Correct Answers
RNA transcripts. Therefore, retroelements may accumulate
rapidly within a genome
abnormal banding patterns on the chromosome can detect
Correct Answers mutations that alter chromosome structure
academic background Correct Answers Physics and natural
history. Grew up grafting trees
acrocentric chromosomes (13, 14, 15, 21, 22) Correct Answers
very short arms
action of DNA gyrase Correct Answers
adenine and guanine bases are Correct Answers purines
Affected pedigree Correct Answers
,After ~ two generations, DNA is of two types: Correct Answers
"light" and "half-heavy (consistent with only the semi-
conservative model)
After one generation, DNA is Correct Answers "half-heavy"
(consistent with both semi-conservative and dispersive models)
aging is related to Correct Answers loss of peripheral
heterochromatin
alleles Correct Answers different versions of the same gene
allodiploid Correct Answers no synapsis between 9 radish and
9 cabbage chromosomes
Alloploidy Correct Answers Polyploid organism that contains
the genomes of two or more different species (interspecies
cross)
allotetraploid Correct Answers proper synapsis between 18
radish and 18 cabbage chromosome
An example of quinolone is Correct Answers Cirprofloxacin
(Cipro) - Used in the treatment of anthrax, among other diseases
anaphase Correct Answers the connection between the sister
chromatids are broken; kinetochores shorten and chromosomes
move towards opposite poles
Anaphase chromosomes are more Correct Answers condensed
then metaphase chromosomes
, Aneuploidy Correct Answers Abnormal number of
chromosomes.
anther Correct Answers contains pollen, where the male
gametes are produced
antibodies Correct Answers proteins produced by the immune
system that bind to things that are foreign to the body. This
signals white blood cells to eat the foreign thing
Antigen Correct Answers something that is recognized by the
immune systems antibodies
arocentric Correct Answers centromere is between
submetacentric and telocentric, only a bit of p arm is showing
At the molecular level, overdominance is due to Correct
Answers two alleles that produce slightly different proteins
autosomes Correct Answers chromosomes that are not sex
chromosomes
BActerial chromosomal DNA compaction includes Correct
Answers loop domains
DNA SUpercoiling
Bacterial Chromosomal DNA is compacted about Correct
Answers 1000 fold
Bacterial chromosome Correct Answers circular DNA
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
___ can alter chromosome structure Correct Answers
mutations
'hydrogen bonds' Correct Answers The partial negative charges
(d-) of oxygen and nitrogen attract hydrogens with partial
positive charges
"Simple Transposons" do Correct Answers Cut-and-Paste
Transposition
2n Correct Answers diploid
3 natural mechanisms by which the chromosome number in a
species can vary Correct Answers meitotic nondidjunction,
mitotic abnormalities, interspecies crosses
10nm fiber Correct Answers beads on a string
30nm fiber Correct Answers nucleosomes associate with each
other to form a more compact structure; organized into loops
A (iA) and B (iB) are both Correct Answers dominant (can be
codominant together)
a chromosomal duplication is usually caused by Correct
Answers abnormal events during recombination
,A few examples of __ polyploid animals have been discovered
Correct Answers vertebrate (gay tree frogs)
a large portion of heterochromatin associates with the Correct
Answers nuclear lamina at the nuclear periphery
A phosphate connects Correct Answers 5' C of one nucleotide
to the 3' C of another.
A single chromosome usually has Correct Answers a few
hundred to several thousand genes
A single retroelement can be copied into many Correct Answers
RNA transcripts. Therefore, retroelements may accumulate
rapidly within a genome
abnormal banding patterns on the chromosome can detect
Correct Answers mutations that alter chromosome structure
academic background Correct Answers Physics and natural
history. Grew up grafting trees
acrocentric chromosomes (13, 14, 15, 21, 22) Correct Answers
very short arms
action of DNA gyrase Correct Answers
adenine and guanine bases are Correct Answers purines
Affected pedigree Correct Answers
,After ~ two generations, DNA is of two types: Correct Answers
"light" and "half-heavy (consistent with only the semi-
conservative model)
After one generation, DNA is Correct Answers "half-heavy"
(consistent with both semi-conservative and dispersive models)
aging is related to Correct Answers loss of peripheral
heterochromatin
alleles Correct Answers different versions of the same gene
allodiploid Correct Answers no synapsis between 9 radish and
9 cabbage chromosomes
Alloploidy Correct Answers Polyploid organism that contains
the genomes of two or more different species (interspecies
cross)
allotetraploid Correct Answers proper synapsis between 18
radish and 18 cabbage chromosome
An example of quinolone is Correct Answers Cirprofloxacin
(Cipro) - Used in the treatment of anthrax, among other diseases
anaphase Correct Answers the connection between the sister
chromatids are broken; kinetochores shorten and chromosomes
move towards opposite poles
Anaphase chromosomes are more Correct Answers condensed
then metaphase chromosomes
, Aneuploidy Correct Answers Abnormal number of
chromosomes.
anther Correct Answers contains pollen, where the male
gametes are produced
antibodies Correct Answers proteins produced by the immune
system that bind to things that are foreign to the body. This
signals white blood cells to eat the foreign thing
Antigen Correct Answers something that is recognized by the
immune systems antibodies
arocentric Correct Answers centromere is between
submetacentric and telocentric, only a bit of p arm is showing
At the molecular level, overdominance is due to Correct
Answers two alleles that produce slightly different proteins
autosomes Correct Answers chromosomes that are not sex
chromosomes
BActerial chromosomal DNA compaction includes Correct
Answers loop domains
DNA SUpercoiling
Bacterial Chromosomal DNA is compacted about Correct
Answers 1000 fold
Bacterial chromosome Correct Answers circular DNA
