Latest NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and More
NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg: Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and Mor
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb1nrq
1. What is pneumonia? An infection within one or more lobes of the lungs
causing severe inflammation, leading to impaired gas
exchange.
2. What are early signs of hypoxia in Restlessness, agitation, and confusion.
pneumonia patients?
3. What temperature indicates fever Over 100.4°F (38°C).
in pneumonia?
4. What type of cough is associated Productive cough, often with yellow, green, or
with pneumonia? rusty-colored sputum.
5. What are common auscultation Fine or coarse crackles (rales), wheezes, or diminished
findings in pneumonia? breath sounds.
6. What is pleuritic chest pain? Sharp chest pain that occurs upon inspiration or
coughing.
7. What is the most common diagnos- Chest X-ray (CXR).
tic test for pneumonia?
8. What does a sputum culture identi- The causative organism to guide antibiotic therapy.
fy in pneumonia?
9. What is the typical WBC count in Typically elevated (over 10,000).
bacterial pneumonia?
10. What position should a patient with High-Fowler's position to maximize lung expansion.
pneumonia be placed in?
11. What is the purpose of using an in- To encourage lung expansion and mobilize secretions.
centive spirometer?
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
, Latest NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and More
NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg: Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and Mor
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb1nrq
12. What is the mechanism of action for Varies by class; can be bactericidal or bacteriostatic.
antibiotics used in pneumonia?
13. What should be done before start- Obtain blood and sputum cultures.
ing antibiotics for pneumonia?
14. What is the role of expectorants in They liquefy respiratory secretions, allowing for easier
pneumonia treatment? removal.
15. What is a key teaching point for Finish the entire course of oral antibiotics, even if
patients regarding antibiotic adher- feeling better.
ence?
16. What is the primary preventive Annual influenza vaccination.
measure for influenza?
17. What distinguishes influenza from Abrupt/sudden onset of symptoms.
other respiratory infections?
18. What is the mechanism of action for Inhibits the influenza virus enzyme neuraminidase,
antivirals like Oseltamivir? preventing viral replication.
19. What is the timing for antiviral med- Most effective when started within 48 hours of symp-
ication effectiveness in influenza? tom onset.
20. What are common assessment Accessory muscle use, shortness of breath, tight chest,
findings in asthma? high-pitched wheezing.
21. What does the A.S.T.H.M.A. Accessory muscle use, SOB, Tight chest, High-pitched
mnemonic stand for? wheezing, Minimal breath sounds, Absent breath
sounds.
22. What is the significance of a silent It is a priority indicator of severe airway obstruction.
chest in asthma?
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
, Latest NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and More
NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg: Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and Mor
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb1nrq
23. What does a peak expiratory flow 80-100% of personal best.
(PEF) in the green zone indicate?
24. What is the most accurate test to Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs).
measure airflow in asthma?
25. What should be done during an Position the patient in High-Fowler's and administer
acute asthma attack? supplemental oxygen.
26. What is the role of education in Teaching self-management is key to decreasing hos-
asthma management? pital admissions.
27. What is the purpose of a personal- To manage daily asthma symptoms and outline emer-
ized Asthma Action Plan? gency actions.
28. What should patients do before ex- Use a SABA inhaler 30 minutes before activity.
ercising if they have exercise-in-
duced asthma?
29. What does A.I.M. stand for in treat- A - Albuterol (SABA), I - Ipratropium (Anticholinergic),
ing acute asthma attacks? M - Methylprednisolone (Systemic Corticosteroid).
30. What is the first-line medication for Albuterol (SABA).
acute asthma attacks?
31. What are the side effects of Tachycardia, tremor, palpitations.
short-acting beta agonists (SABAs)?
32. What is the role of long-acting beta Prevention only; they have a slow onset and should not
agonists (LABAs) in asthma man- be used for acute attacks.
agement?
33. What should patients do after using Rinse their mouth to prevent oral thrush.
inhaled corticosteroids?
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg: Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and Mor
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb1nrq
1. What is pneumonia? An infection within one or more lobes of the lungs
causing severe inflammation, leading to impaired gas
exchange.
2. What are early signs of hypoxia in Restlessness, agitation, and confusion.
pneumonia patients?
3. What temperature indicates fever Over 100.4°F (38°C).
in pneumonia?
4. What type of cough is associated Productive cough, often with yellow, green, or
with pneumonia? rusty-colored sputum.
5. What are common auscultation Fine or coarse crackles (rales), wheezes, or diminished
findings in pneumonia? breath sounds.
6. What is pleuritic chest pain? Sharp chest pain that occurs upon inspiration or
coughing.
7. What is the most common diagnos- Chest X-ray (CXR).
tic test for pneumonia?
8. What does a sputum culture identi- The causative organism to guide antibiotic therapy.
fy in pneumonia?
9. What is the typical WBC count in Typically elevated (over 10,000).
bacterial pneumonia?
10. What position should a patient with High-Fowler's position to maximize lung expansion.
pneumonia be placed in?
11. What is the purpose of using an in- To encourage lung expansion and mobilize secretions.
centive spirometer?
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
, Latest NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and More
NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg: Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and Mor
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb1nrq
12. What is the mechanism of action for Varies by class; can be bactericidal or bacteriostatic.
antibiotics used in pneumonia?
13. What should be done before start- Obtain blood and sputum cultures.
ing antibiotics for pneumonia?
14. What is the role of expectorants in They liquefy respiratory secretions, allowing for easier
pneumonia treatment? removal.
15. What is a key teaching point for Finish the entire course of oral antibiotics, even if
patients regarding antibiotic adher- feeling better.
ence?
16. What is the primary preventive Annual influenza vaccination.
measure for influenza?
17. What distinguishes influenza from Abrupt/sudden onset of symptoms.
other respiratory infections?
18. What is the mechanism of action for Inhibits the influenza virus enzyme neuraminidase,
antivirals like Oseltamivir? preventing viral replication.
19. What is the timing for antiviral med- Most effective when started within 48 hours of symp-
ication effectiveness in influenza? tom onset.
20. What are common assessment Accessory muscle use, shortness of breath, tight chest,
findings in asthma? high-pitched wheezing.
21. What does the A.S.T.H.M.A. Accessory muscle use, SOB, Tight chest, High-pitched
mnemonic stand for? wheezing, Minimal breath sounds, Absent breath
sounds.
22. What is the significance of a silent It is a priority indicator of severe airway obstruction.
chest in asthma?
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
, Latest NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and More
NCLEX Pharmacology & Med-Surg: Gas Exchange, Cardiac, Neuro, and Mor
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_jb1nrq
23. What does a peak expiratory flow 80-100% of personal best.
(PEF) in the green zone indicate?
24. What is the most accurate test to Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs).
measure airflow in asthma?
25. What should be done during an Position the patient in High-Fowler's and administer
acute asthma attack? supplemental oxygen.
26. What is the role of education in Teaching self-management is key to decreasing hos-
asthma management? pital admissions.
27. What is the purpose of a personal- To manage daily asthma symptoms and outline emer-
ized Asthma Action Plan? gency actions.
28. What should patients do before ex- Use a SABA inhaler 30 minutes before activity.
ercising if they have exercise-in-
duced asthma?
29. What does A.I.M. stand for in treat- A - Albuterol (SABA), I - Ipratropium (Anticholinergic),
ing acute asthma attacks? M - Methylprednisolone (Systemic Corticosteroid).
30. What is the first-line medication for Albuterol (SABA).
acute asthma attacks?
31. What are the side effects of Tachycardia, tremor, palpitations.
short-acting beta agonists (SABAs)?
32. What is the role of long-acting beta Prevention only; they have a slow onset and should not
agonists (LABAs) in asthma man- be used for acute attacks.
agement?
33. What should patients do after using Rinse their mouth to prevent oral thrush.
inhaled corticosteroids?
4/16/2026, 1:43:23 PM
