,TESTBANK FOR Psychology, 7th edition Ciccarelli
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, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
Appendix A: Statistics in Psychology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the branch of mathematics that is concerned with the collection and interpretation of data from samples?
a) sampling
Incorrect. Sampling is selecting a representative group from a population.
b) statistics
Correct. Statistics concern collection and interpretation of numerical data from samples.
c) psychometrics
Incorrect. Psychometrics is the study of assessment and measurement instruments.
d) frequencies
Incorrect. Frequencies refer to how often a data point occurs in a sample.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
2. What do psychologists use to analyze data to answer questions from their research?
a) variables
Incorrect. Variables are manipulated or measured in research.
b) operations
Incorrect. Statistics are used to analyze data in a study.
c) statistics
Correct. Statistics are used to analyze data in a study.
d) inferences
Incorrect. Statistics are used to analyze data in a study.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
3. From the population of college students at your university, you randomly select 40 people to participate in your
research study. This group of 40 individuals comprises your study’s __________.
a) sample
Correct. A sample is a small number of people taken from a larger population for a study.
b) group
Incorrect. A sample is generally divided into groups in a study.
c) population
Incorrect. The population is the large group of individuals you hope to generalize to for your research.
d) variable
Incorrect. A sample is a small number of people taken from a larger population.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
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4. What allow psychologists to summarize information from a study or experiment and make judgments and
decisions about data?
a) samples
Incorrect. A sample is a group selected from a population to use in a research study.
b) statistics
Correct. Statistics help psychologists summarize data and make decisions about data.
c) variables
Incorrect. Variables are manipulated during an experiment, but statistics help psychologists make decisions about
data.
d) deviations
Incorrect. A deviation measures how spread out data is, but statistics help psychologists make decisions about data.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
5. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding statistics?
a) They eliminate any errors in any body of data that is collected scientifically.
Incorrect. This is actually an inaccurate statement about statistics.
b) They allow you to prove that your research hypotheses were correct.
Incorrect. Statistics do not offer proof; rather, they offer support for a given hypothesis or set of hypotheses.
c) They allow you to summarize the information from a study or experiment.
Correct. This is an accurate statement about statistics.
d) Knowledge of statistics cannot assist you in securing a job in the future.
Incorrect. Statistics can actually help you secure a job.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
6. What kind of statistics function as a way of organizing numbers and summarizing them so patterns can be
determined?
a) inferential statistics
Incorrect. Inferential statistics allow us to determine if a gathered set of data show meaningful differences or if
those differences are merely due to chance variations.
b) central statistics
Incorrect. Descriptive statistics organize and summarize data.
c) descriptive statistics
Correct. Descriptive statistics organize and summarize data.
d) peripheral statistics
Incorrect. Descriptive statistics organize and summarize data.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: None
Topic: A.2–A.4 Descriptive Statistics
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
7. Carmella has gathered some data and is interested in determining how spread out all the scores are that she
gathered for each of her groups. Carmella will want to use a measure of __________ to find her answer.
a) central tendency
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Incorrect. The central tendency is the mean, median, and mode. It does not measure variability.
b) frequency
Incorrect. Frequency reports how often a data point is represented in data; variability determines how spread apart
data points are.
c) variability
Correct. Variability is the measure of how spread apart data scores are.
d) regularity
Incorrect. Variability is the measure of how spread apart data scores are.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: None
Topic: A.2–A.4 Descriptive Statistics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
8. When you want to find one score that seems typical of your sample, it would be best to use a _________.
a) range
Incorrect. Range is a measure of the spread of data points.
b) measure of central tendency
Correct. A measure of central tendency will give you a good measure typical of your sample.
c) measure of variability
Incorrect. The best way to find a score that is typical of your data is to use a measure of central tendency.
d) distribution
Incorrect. A measure of central tendency will be the best representation of your data.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: None
Topic: A.2–A.4 Descriptive Statistics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
9. A table or graph that shows how often different numbers, or scores, appear in a particular set of scores is called
a(n) )__________.
a) normal distribution
Incorrect. A frequency distribution is a table or graph that shows how often different numbers, or scores, appear in
a particular set of scores.
b) frequency distribution
Correct. A frequency distribution is a table or graph that shows how often different numbers, or scores, appear in a
particular set of scores.
c) skewed distribution
Incorrect. A skewed distribution is a subtype of a frequency distribution, which is the correct answer.
d) bimodal distribution
Incorrect. A bimodal distribution is a subtype of a frequency distribution, which is the correct answer.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
10. A polygon is to a __________ as a histogram is to a __________.
a) pie; normal distribution
Incorrect. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph.
b) bar; normal distribution
Incorrect. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph.
3
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, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
c) line; bar
Correct. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph.
d) bar; pie
Incorrect. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze It
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
11. A frequency polygon in which the scores are symmetrically distributed around the mean, and the mean, median,
and mode are all located on the same point on the curve is called a __________.
a) skewed distribution
Incorrect. A skewed distribution is not symmetrical.
b) bimodal distribution
Incorrect. A normal curve represents a symmetrical distribution.
c) normal curve
Correct. The normal curve is a symmetrical distribution with equivalent placement of the mean, median, and mode.
d) histogram distribution
Incorrect. A normal curve represents a symmetrical distribution.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
12. A frequency distribution in which most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the distribution is called a
__________ distribution.
a) bimodal
Incorrect. A bimodal distribution is a frequency distribution where there are two high points rather than one.
b) skewed
Correct. A skewed distribution is a distribution in which most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the
distribution.
c) normal
Incorrect. A normal curve is a symmetrical distribution around the mean, median, and mode.
d) frequency
Incorrect. A skewed distribution is a distribution in which most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the
distribution.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
13. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the __________ end of the distribution, whereas a negatively
skewed distribution has its peak to the _________ end of the distribution.
a) right; left
Incorrect. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively
skewed distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution.
b) high; low
Incorrect. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively
skewed distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution.
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, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
c) low; high
Correct. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively skewed
distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution.
d) right; high
Incorrect. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively
skewed distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
14. A frequency distribution that has two high points rather than one is called a _____________.
a) negatively skewed distribution
Incorrect. A histogram is a bar graph showing a frequency distribution.
b) bimodal distribution
Correct. The bimodal distribution has two high points rather than one.
c) normal distribution
Incorrect. A normal distribution is shaped like a bell with scores symmetrically distributed around the mean,
median, and mode.
d) positively skewed distribution
Incorrect. A skewed distribution is one where most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the distribution.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
15. Denim wants to figure out her average score on her exams for class. She has scored a 10, 9, 10, 7, and 4. What is
her average score on her exams?
a) 6
Incorrect. The average score is calculated by adding up each score (40) and dividing by the total number of scores
(5).
b) 7
Incorrect. The average score is calculated by adding up each score (40) and dividing by the total number of scores
(5).
c) 8
Correct. The average of these scores is 8.
d) 9
Incorrect. The average score is calculated by adding up each score (40) and dividing by the total number of scores
(5).
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
16. Jillian measured her variable and found a very high score. As she took additional measures of her variable, they
had a tendency to move closer and closer to the mean measurement of her data. Jillian experienced a phenomenon
known as __________ to the mean.
a) regression
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, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
Correct. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of
measurements.
b) cycling
Incorrect. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of
measurements.
c) averaging
Incorrect. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of
measurements.
d) revolving
Incorrect. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of
measurements.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
17. Of the following scores, which is the median?
100, 50, 76, 33, 33, 57, 49
a) 33
Incorrect. The median is the central most score in the distribution.
b) 45
Incorrect. The median is the central most score in the distribution.
c) 50
Correct. The median is the central most score in the distribution.
d) 57
Incorrect. The median is the central most score in the distribution.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
18. In a skewed distribution, the mode is represented by the ____________.
a) lowest score of the tail of the distribution
Incorrect. The mode would be the score at the peak of the distribution.
b) score halfway to the peak of the curve
Incorrect. The mode would be the score at the peak of the distribution.
c) last score on the tail of the distribution
Incorrect. The mode would be the score at the peak of the distribution.
d) score at the peak of the distribution
Correct. The mode is the peak of the distribution.
Answer: d
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
19. In the following group of scores, which one represents the mode?
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, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
11, 15, 20, 11, 23, 5, 33, 11
a) 5
Incorrect. The mode is the most frequently appearing score.
b) 11
Correct. The mode is the most frequently appearing score.
c) 15
Incorrect. The mode is the most frequently appearing score.
d) 33
Incorrect. The mode is the most frequently appearing score.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
20. In a skewed distribution, what is the best measure of central tendency to report?
a) median
Correct. In a skewed distribution, the median is the least impacted.
b) mean
Incorrect. In a skewed distribution, the mean is significantly altered.
c) mode
Incorrect. In a skewed distribution, the median is the least impacted.
d) range
Incorrect. The range is not a measure of central tendency.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
21. The square root of the average squared difference from the mean of scores in a distribution is a statistic called
the ____________.
a) range
Incorrect. This is the definition of the standard deviation.
b) standard deviation
Correct. This is an accurate definition of the standard deviation.
c) z score
Incorrect. This is the definition of the standard deviation.
d) median
Incorrect. This is the definition of the standard deviation.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.4 Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data.
Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
22. The larger the number representing the standard deviation, the __________ in the data.
a) less variability
Incorrect. Less variability is represented by a smaller number.
b) more variability
7
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Correct. More variability is represented by a larger number.
c) lower the range
Incorrect. Larger numbers represent more variability.
d) smaller the spread
Incorrect. Larger numbers represent more variability.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.4 Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data.
Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
23. Dr. Kinkella wants to know how many standard deviations from the mean the score of one of his participants
falls. He would find that information by finding a ___________.
a) mode
Incorrect. The mode is a measure of central tendency, not variability.
b) z score
Correct. The z score would give him information about how many standard deviations from the mean a score will
fall.
c) median
Incorrect. The median is a measure of central tendency, not variability.
d) frequency range
Incorrect. The z score would give him this information.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.4 Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data.
Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
24. Koresh runs an experiment to see if caffeine affects steadiness. To determine if steadiness is significantly
affected in her caffeinated group, Koresh will need to use ___________.
a) a frequency distribution
Incorrect. A frequency distribution only describes data.
b) descriptive statistics
Incorrect. Descriptive statistics do not allow you to draw inferences about your data.
c) inferential statistics
Correct. Inferential statistics will allow her to determine if the groups are different.
d) z scores
Incorrect. She will need to use inferential statistics to determine if there are differences between her groups.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.5 Describe how inferential statistics can be used to determine if differences in sets of data are
large enough to be due to something other than chance variation.
Topic: A.5 Looking at Differences: Statistical Significance
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
25. Julian runs an experiment comparing the effects of alcohol on reaction time. His group of participants that are
given alcohol perform the task on average in 15 seconds, while the no alcohol group completes the task in 5
seconds. When he subjects his data to inferential statistics, he discovers that the difference between the two groups
is larger than chance variation would predict. Therefore, he concludes that the difference between his groups is
___________.
a) statistically significant
8
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Notes
1- The file is chapter after chapter.
2- We have shown you few pages sample.
3- The file contains all Appendix and Excel sheet
if it exists.
4- We have all what you need, we make update
at every time. There are many new editions
waiting you.
5- If you think you purchased the wrong file You
can contact us at every time, we can replace it
with true one.
Our email:
, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
Appendix A: Statistics in Psychology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What is the branch of mathematics that is concerned with the collection and interpretation of data from samples?
a) sampling
Incorrect. Sampling is selecting a representative group from a population.
b) statistics
Correct. Statistics concern collection and interpretation of numerical data from samples.
c) psychometrics
Incorrect. Psychometrics is the study of assessment and measurement instruments.
d) frequencies
Incorrect. Frequencies refer to how often a data point occurs in a sample.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
2. What do psychologists use to analyze data to answer questions from their research?
a) variables
Incorrect. Variables are manipulated or measured in research.
b) operations
Incorrect. Statistics are used to analyze data in a study.
c) statistics
Correct. Statistics are used to analyze data in a study.
d) inferences
Incorrect. Statistics are used to analyze data in a study.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
3. From the population of college students at your university, you randomly select 40 people to participate in your
research study. This group of 40 individuals comprises your study’s __________.
a) sample
Correct. A sample is a small number of people taken from a larger population for a study.
b) group
Incorrect. A sample is generally divided into groups in a study.
c) population
Incorrect. The population is the large group of individuals you hope to generalize to for your research.
d) variable
Incorrect. A sample is a small number of people taken from a larger population.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
1
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, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
4. What allow psychologists to summarize information from a study or experiment and make judgments and
decisions about data?
a) samples
Incorrect. A sample is a group selected from a population to use in a research study.
b) statistics
Correct. Statistics help psychologists summarize data and make decisions about data.
c) variables
Incorrect. Variables are manipulated during an experiment, but statistics help psychologists make decisions about
data.
d) deviations
Incorrect. A deviation measures how spread out data is, but statistics help psychologists make decisions about data.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
5. Which of the following is a correct statement regarding statistics?
a) They eliminate any errors in any body of data that is collected scientifically.
Incorrect. This is actually an inaccurate statement about statistics.
b) They allow you to prove that your research hypotheses were correct.
Incorrect. Statistics do not offer proof; rather, they offer support for a given hypothesis or set of hypotheses.
c) They allow you to summarize the information from a study or experiment.
Correct. This is an accurate statement about statistics.
d) Knowledge of statistics cannot assist you in securing a job in the future.
Incorrect. Statistics can actually help you secure a job.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.1 Explain why statistics are important to psychology majors and psychologists.
Topic: A.1 What Are Statistics?
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze It
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
6. What kind of statistics function as a way of organizing numbers and summarizing them so patterns can be
determined?
a) inferential statistics
Incorrect. Inferential statistics allow us to determine if a gathered set of data show meaningful differences or if
those differences are merely due to chance variations.
b) central statistics
Incorrect. Descriptive statistics organize and summarize data.
c) descriptive statistics
Correct. Descriptive statistics organize and summarize data.
d) peripheral statistics
Incorrect. Descriptive statistics organize and summarize data.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: None
Topic: A.2–A.4 Descriptive Statistics
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
7. Carmella has gathered some data and is interested in determining how spread out all the scores are that she
gathered for each of her groups. Carmella will want to use a measure of __________ to find her answer.
a) central tendency
2
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, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
Incorrect. The central tendency is the mean, median, and mode. It does not measure variability.
b) frequency
Incorrect. Frequency reports how often a data point is represented in data; variability determines how spread apart
data points are.
c) variability
Correct. Variability is the measure of how spread apart data scores are.
d) regularity
Incorrect. Variability is the measure of how spread apart data scores are.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: None
Topic: A.2–A.4 Descriptive Statistics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
8. When you want to find one score that seems typical of your sample, it would be best to use a _________.
a) range
Incorrect. Range is a measure of the spread of data points.
b) measure of central tendency
Correct. A measure of central tendency will give you a good measure typical of your sample.
c) measure of variability
Incorrect. The best way to find a score that is typical of your data is to use a measure of central tendency.
d) distribution
Incorrect. A measure of central tendency will be the best representation of your data.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: None
Topic: A.2–A.4 Descriptive Statistics
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
9. A table or graph that shows how often different numbers, or scores, appear in a particular set of scores is called
a(n) )__________.
a) normal distribution
Incorrect. A frequency distribution is a table or graph that shows how often different numbers, or scores, appear in
a particular set of scores.
b) frequency distribution
Correct. A frequency distribution is a table or graph that shows how often different numbers, or scores, appear in a
particular set of scores.
c) skewed distribution
Incorrect. A skewed distribution is a subtype of a frequency distribution, which is the correct answer.
d) bimodal distribution
Incorrect. A bimodal distribution is a subtype of a frequency distribution, which is the correct answer.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
10. A polygon is to a __________ as a histogram is to a __________.
a) pie; normal distribution
Incorrect. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph.
b) bar; normal distribution
Incorrect. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph.
3
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, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
c) line; bar
Correct. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph.
d) bar; pie
Incorrect. A polygon is a line graph, whereas a histogram is a bar graph.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze It
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
11. A frequency polygon in which the scores are symmetrically distributed around the mean, and the mean, median,
and mode are all located on the same point on the curve is called a __________.
a) skewed distribution
Incorrect. A skewed distribution is not symmetrical.
b) bimodal distribution
Incorrect. A normal curve represents a symmetrical distribution.
c) normal curve
Correct. The normal curve is a symmetrical distribution with equivalent placement of the mean, median, and mode.
d) histogram distribution
Incorrect. A normal curve represents a symmetrical distribution.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
12. A frequency distribution in which most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the distribution is called a
__________ distribution.
a) bimodal
Incorrect. A bimodal distribution is a frequency distribution where there are two high points rather than one.
b) skewed
Correct. A skewed distribution is a distribution in which most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the
distribution.
c) normal
Incorrect. A normal curve is a symmetrical distribution around the mean, median, and mode.
d) frequency
Incorrect. A skewed distribution is a distribution in which most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the
distribution.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
13. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the __________ end of the distribution, whereas a negatively
skewed distribution has its peak to the _________ end of the distribution.
a) right; left
Incorrect. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively
skewed distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution.
b) high; low
Incorrect. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively
skewed distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution.
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c) low; high
Correct. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively skewed
distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution.
d) right; high
Incorrect. A positively skewed distribution has its peak to the low end of the distribution, whereas a negatively
skewed distribution has its peak to the high end of the distribution.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
14. A frequency distribution that has two high points rather than one is called a _____________.
a) negatively skewed distribution
Incorrect. A histogram is a bar graph showing a frequency distribution.
b) bimodal distribution
Correct. The bimodal distribution has two high points rather than one.
c) normal distribution
Incorrect. A normal distribution is shaped like a bell with scores symmetrically distributed around the mean,
median, and mode.
d) positively skewed distribution
Incorrect. A skewed distribution is one where most of the scores fall to one side or the other of the distribution.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.2 Describe the types of tables and graphs that represent patterns in data.
Topic: A.2 Frequency Distributions
Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
15. Denim wants to figure out her average score on her exams for class. She has scored a 10, 9, 10, 7, and 4. What is
her average score on her exams?
a) 6
Incorrect. The average score is calculated by adding up each score (40) and dividing by the total number of scores
(5).
b) 7
Incorrect. The average score is calculated by adding up each score (40) and dividing by the total number of scores
(5).
c) 8
Correct. The average of these scores is 8.
d) 9
Incorrect. The average score is calculated by adding up each score (40) and dividing by the total number of scores
(5).
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
16. Jillian measured her variable and found a very high score. As she took additional measures of her variable, they
had a tendency to move closer and closer to the mean measurement of her data. Jillian experienced a phenomenon
known as __________ to the mean.
a) regression
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Correct. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of
measurements.
b) cycling
Incorrect. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of
measurements.
c) averaging
Incorrect. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of
measurements.
d) revolving
Incorrect. Regression to the mean is the tendency for measurements of a variable to even out over the course of
measurements.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
17. Of the following scores, which is the median?
100, 50, 76, 33, 33, 57, 49
a) 33
Incorrect. The median is the central most score in the distribution.
b) 45
Incorrect. The median is the central most score in the distribution.
c) 50
Correct. The median is the central most score in the distribution.
d) 57
Incorrect. The median is the central most score in the distribution.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
18. In a skewed distribution, the mode is represented by the ____________.
a) lowest score of the tail of the distribution
Incorrect. The mode would be the score at the peak of the distribution.
b) score halfway to the peak of the curve
Incorrect. The mode would be the score at the peak of the distribution.
c) last score on the tail of the distribution
Incorrect. The mode would be the score at the peak of the distribution.
d) score at the peak of the distribution
Correct. The mode is the peak of the distribution.
Answer: d
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
19. In the following group of scores, which one represents the mode?
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11, 15, 20, 11, 23, 5, 33, 11
a) 5
Incorrect. The mode is the most frequently appearing score.
b) 11
Correct. The mode is the most frequently appearing score.
c) 15
Incorrect. The mode is the most frequently appearing score.
d) 33
Incorrect. The mode is the most frequently appearing score.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
20. In a skewed distribution, what is the best measure of central tendency to report?
a) median
Correct. In a skewed distribution, the median is the least impacted.
b) mean
Incorrect. In a skewed distribution, the mean is significantly altered.
c) mode
Incorrect. In a skewed distribution, the median is the least impacted.
d) range
Incorrect. The range is not a measure of central tendency.
Answer: a
Learning Objective: A.3 Identify three measures of central tendency, and explain how they are impacted by the
shape of the distribution.
Topic: A.3 Measures of Central Tendency
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand the Concepts
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
21. The square root of the average squared difference from the mean of scores in a distribution is a statistic called
the ____________.
a) range
Incorrect. This is the definition of the standard deviation.
b) standard deviation
Correct. This is an accurate definition of the standard deviation.
c) z score
Incorrect. This is the definition of the standard deviation.
d) median
Incorrect. This is the definition of the standard deviation.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.4 Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data.
Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
22. The larger the number representing the standard deviation, the __________ in the data.
a) less variability
Incorrect. Less variability is represented by a smaller number.
b) more variability
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, Psychology: An Exploration 7e/Ciccarelli/White
Correct. More variability is represented by a larger number.
c) lower the range
Incorrect. Larger numbers represent more variability.
d) smaller the spread
Incorrect. Larger numbers represent more variability.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.4 Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data.
Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
23. Dr. Kinkella wants to know how many standard deviations from the mean the score of one of his participants
falls. He would find that information by finding a ___________.
a) mode
Incorrect. The mode is a measure of central tendency, not variability.
b) z score
Correct. The z score would give him information about how many standard deviations from the mean a score will
fall.
c) median
Incorrect. The median is a measure of central tendency, not variability.
d) frequency range
Incorrect. The z score would give him this information.
Answer: b
Learning Objective: A.4 Identify the types of statistics used to examine variations in data.
Topic: A.4 Measures of Variability
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology.
24. Koresh runs an experiment to see if caffeine affects steadiness. To determine if steadiness is significantly
affected in her caffeinated group, Koresh will need to use ___________.
a) a frequency distribution
Incorrect. A frequency distribution only describes data.
b) descriptive statistics
Incorrect. Descriptive statistics do not allow you to draw inferences about your data.
c) inferential statistics
Correct. Inferential statistics will allow her to determine if the groups are different.
d) z scores
Incorrect. She will need to use inferential statistics to determine if there are differences between her groups.
Answer: c
Learning Objective: A.5 Describe how inferential statistics can be used to determine if differences in sets of data are
large enough to be due to something other than chance variation.
Topic: A.5 Looking at Differences: Statistical Significance
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
APA Learning Objective: 2.4 Interpret, design, and conduct basic psychological research.
25. Julian runs an experiment comparing the effects of alcohol on reaction time. His group of participants that are
given alcohol perform the task on average in 15 seconds, while the no alcohol group completes the task in 5
seconds. When he subjects his data to inferential statistics, he discovers that the difference between the two groups
is larger than chance variation would predict. Therefore, he concludes that the difference between his groups is
___________.
a) statistically significant
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