NR565 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS
WEEK 1 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
A provider may consider testing for CYP2D6 variants prior to starting tamoxifen
for breast cancer to: correct answer Reduce the likelihood of therapeutic failure
with tamoxifen treatment
Absorption correct answer movement of a drug from its site of administration
into the blood
Variables that influence absorption:
-blood flow at site of administration
-dosage form
-route (compliance, bioavailability, onset of action, duration of action)
....Parenteral, oral, topical
African Americans correct answer Studied more than any other ethnic group in
relation to differences in drug metabolism & response
-underlying hypertension prevalence is among the highest in the world-HTN
occurs at an earlier age than in other races
-require a high dosage of ACE inhibitors or combined therapy with low dose
diuretics to effectively reduce blood pressure
-show less effective monotherapy with beta blocker and ACE inhibitors than
Caucasians
-US FDA approves the first drug, isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine (BiDil), especially
labeled for use by African Americans
, -African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) demonstrates that by adding
isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine (BiDil) to standard therapy for heart failure
increases survival in black patients with advanced failure
-require a higher dose of glucocorticoids than Caucasians to control their asthma
symptoms, regardless of asthma status or severity
agonists correct answer Agonists, or full agonists, are drugs that produce receptor
stimulation and a conformational change every time they bind. Full agonists do
not need all of the available receptors to produce a maximum response. --
-Less than 10% needed for maximum response.
Always consider drug-drug interactions with: correct answer st john's wort
ssri
snri
statin
ACE/ARB
PPI
Warfarin
Bactrim
Antagonists correct answer -Antagonists are drugs that occupy receptors without
stimulating them. Antagonists occupy a receptor site and prevent other
molecules, such as agonists, from occupying the same site and producing a
response. -
-Antagonists produce no direct response. The response we see following
administration of antagonists results from their inhibiting receptor stimulation by
agonists. For example, beta blockers such as propranolol and atenolol act as
antagonists at the beta-adrenoceptor.
WEEK 1 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
A provider may consider testing for CYP2D6 variants prior to starting tamoxifen
for breast cancer to: correct answer Reduce the likelihood of therapeutic failure
with tamoxifen treatment
Absorption correct answer movement of a drug from its site of administration
into the blood
Variables that influence absorption:
-blood flow at site of administration
-dosage form
-route (compliance, bioavailability, onset of action, duration of action)
....Parenteral, oral, topical
African Americans correct answer Studied more than any other ethnic group in
relation to differences in drug metabolism & response
-underlying hypertension prevalence is among the highest in the world-HTN
occurs at an earlier age than in other races
-require a high dosage of ACE inhibitors or combined therapy with low dose
diuretics to effectively reduce blood pressure
-show less effective monotherapy with beta blocker and ACE inhibitors than
Caucasians
-US FDA approves the first drug, isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine (BiDil), especially
labeled for use by African Americans
, -African American Heart Failure Trial (A-HeFT) demonstrates that by adding
isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine (BiDil) to standard therapy for heart failure
increases survival in black patients with advanced failure
-require a higher dose of glucocorticoids than Caucasians to control their asthma
symptoms, regardless of asthma status or severity
agonists correct answer Agonists, or full agonists, are drugs that produce receptor
stimulation and a conformational change every time they bind. Full agonists do
not need all of the available receptors to produce a maximum response. --
-Less than 10% needed for maximum response.
Always consider drug-drug interactions with: correct answer st john's wort
ssri
snri
statin
ACE/ARB
PPI
Warfarin
Bactrim
Antagonists correct answer -Antagonists are drugs that occupy receptors without
stimulating them. Antagonists occupy a receptor site and prevent other
molecules, such as agonists, from occupying the same site and producing a
response. -
-Antagonists produce no direct response. The response we see following
administration of antagonists results from their inhibiting receptor stimulation by
agonists. For example, beta blockers such as propranolol and atenolol act as
antagonists at the beta-adrenoceptor.
