Neurological Disorders
Exam 1 Questions and
Answers Updated 2026
CortexB-BAnswerBOuterBpartBbrainBcontrolsBoutward-
lookingBfunctions,BconsciousBawareness,BunderBvoluntaryBcontrol
HypothalamusBandBbrainstemB-BAnswerBinnercoreBofBbrainBcontrolsBinward-
lookingBfunctions,Bunconscious,Binvoluntary
limbicBsystemBfunctionB-
BAnswerBmediatesBemotions,Bmemory,Bmotivation,BandBpleasure,B"inBbetween"Bcortex
BandBhypothalamusBbcBcortexBdoesn'tBdirectlyBtalkBtoBhypothalamus,BlimbicBsystemBd
ependsBonBcortexBtoB"know"BwhatBisBinBtheBworldBaroundByou,BcortexBneedsBlimbic
BtoBprovideBmeaning,Bcontext,Bimportance,BgoodBvsBbad
limbicBsystemBstructuresB-
BAnswerBhippocampusB(memory),BamygdalaB(emotions),BnucleusBaccumbensB(pleasure
BandBmotivation)
thalamusB(diencephalon)B-BAnswerBegg-
shaped,BmadeBupBofBmanyBindividualBnuclei,BaB"relay"BgoingBto/fromBcortex,BsimilarB
toBcortex,BbutBwithBlackBofBconsciousBawareness,BstillB"knows"BthingsBaboutBtheBwor
ldBandBcanBmediateBemotionsB(e.g.,BfearBandBemotionalBlearning)
rapheBnucleiB-
BAnswerBmainBlocationsBofBtheBcellBbodiesBofBneuronsBthatBreleaseBserotonin,Baffect
edBbyBSSRIs
neuronsB-BAnswerB(generally)Bdon'tBdivideBpostnatally-
BcanBcarryBmessagesBoverBlongBdistances-
BeachBneuronBhasBaBspecificB"job"B(localizationBofBfunction)
, glialBcellsB-
BAnswerBdivideBthroughoutBtheBlifespan,BactBlocally,B(generally)BdoBnotBhaveBspecific
BfunctionsBinBdifferentBpartsBofBtheBbrain
myelinatingBcellsB-BAnswerBincreasesBspeedBofBneuralBsignals
OligodendrocytesB-
BAnswerBresponsibleBforBmyelinationBofBneuronsBinBtheBbrainBandBspinalBcord
SchwannBcellsB-
BAnswerBresponsibleBforBmyelinationBofBneuronsBinBtheBperipheralBnerves
multipleBsclerosisB-BAnswerBdisorderBofBtheBoligodendrocytes
fairlyBcommonB(aboutB1BinB1000)BautoimmuneBdisorder•BunknownBcauseB(complexBg
eneticBandBenvironmentalBinteractions)•BoftenBstartsBinBopticBnerveB(visionBproblems),
BspinalBcordB(muscleBweakness),BorBcerebellumB(lackBofBcoordination)-
Bbut,BwideBvarietyBofBsymptomsB•BonsetBgenerallyBstartsBbetweenBagesB20BandB40•
BsymptomsBmayBwaxBandBwaneBinBsomeBpeopleB("relapsing-
remitting"BdiseaseBcourse)•BnoBcure,BthoughBsomeBhelpfulBtreatmentsB(e.g.,Bcorticost
eroidsBtoBreduceBinflammation)
Charcot-Marie-ToothBdiseaseB-BAnswerBdisorderBofBSchwannBcells
commonBinheritedBdiseaseB(1BinB2500)-BweaknessBofBmovementBinBlegsBthenBarms-
BearlyBdeformitiesBinBfeetB(highBarch),BpossiblyBlaterBinBhandsB("claw-like")-
BonsetBinBearlyBchildhood/adulthood,BgradualBprogression-BgenerallyBnon-
fatalB(respiratoryBdeficitsBnotBusuallyBpresent),BbutBwideBrangeBofBseveritiesB("Bernad
ette"Bmovie)-BnoBcure,BbutBcanBbeBhelpedBbyBphysicalBtherapy/orthopedicBsurgery
CNSB(centralBnervousBsystem)B-BAnswerBbrainBandBspinalBcord
Exam 1 Questions and
Answers Updated 2026
CortexB-BAnswerBOuterBpartBbrainBcontrolsBoutward-
lookingBfunctions,BconsciousBawareness,BunderBvoluntaryBcontrol
HypothalamusBandBbrainstemB-BAnswerBinnercoreBofBbrainBcontrolsBinward-
lookingBfunctions,Bunconscious,Binvoluntary
limbicBsystemBfunctionB-
BAnswerBmediatesBemotions,Bmemory,Bmotivation,BandBpleasure,B"inBbetween"Bcortex
BandBhypothalamusBbcBcortexBdoesn'tBdirectlyBtalkBtoBhypothalamus,BlimbicBsystemBd
ependsBonBcortexBtoB"know"BwhatBisBinBtheBworldBaroundByou,BcortexBneedsBlimbic
BtoBprovideBmeaning,Bcontext,Bimportance,BgoodBvsBbad
limbicBsystemBstructuresB-
BAnswerBhippocampusB(memory),BamygdalaB(emotions),BnucleusBaccumbensB(pleasure
BandBmotivation)
thalamusB(diencephalon)B-BAnswerBegg-
shaped,BmadeBupBofBmanyBindividualBnuclei,BaB"relay"BgoingBto/fromBcortex,BsimilarB
toBcortex,BbutBwithBlackBofBconsciousBawareness,BstillB"knows"BthingsBaboutBtheBwor
ldBandBcanBmediateBemotionsB(e.g.,BfearBandBemotionalBlearning)
rapheBnucleiB-
BAnswerBmainBlocationsBofBtheBcellBbodiesBofBneuronsBthatBreleaseBserotonin,Baffect
edBbyBSSRIs
neuronsB-BAnswerB(generally)Bdon'tBdivideBpostnatally-
BcanBcarryBmessagesBoverBlongBdistances-
BeachBneuronBhasBaBspecificB"job"B(localizationBofBfunction)
, glialBcellsB-
BAnswerBdivideBthroughoutBtheBlifespan,BactBlocally,B(generally)BdoBnotBhaveBspecific
BfunctionsBinBdifferentBpartsBofBtheBbrain
myelinatingBcellsB-BAnswerBincreasesBspeedBofBneuralBsignals
OligodendrocytesB-
BAnswerBresponsibleBforBmyelinationBofBneuronsBinBtheBbrainBandBspinalBcord
SchwannBcellsB-
BAnswerBresponsibleBforBmyelinationBofBneuronsBinBtheBperipheralBnerves
multipleBsclerosisB-BAnswerBdisorderBofBtheBoligodendrocytes
fairlyBcommonB(aboutB1BinB1000)BautoimmuneBdisorder•BunknownBcauseB(complexBg
eneticBandBenvironmentalBinteractions)•BoftenBstartsBinBopticBnerveB(visionBproblems),
BspinalBcordB(muscleBweakness),BorBcerebellumB(lackBofBcoordination)-
Bbut,BwideBvarietyBofBsymptomsB•BonsetBgenerallyBstartsBbetweenBagesB20BandB40•
BsymptomsBmayBwaxBandBwaneBinBsomeBpeopleB("relapsing-
remitting"BdiseaseBcourse)•BnoBcure,BthoughBsomeBhelpfulBtreatmentsB(e.g.,Bcorticost
eroidsBtoBreduceBinflammation)
Charcot-Marie-ToothBdiseaseB-BAnswerBdisorderBofBSchwannBcells
commonBinheritedBdiseaseB(1BinB2500)-BweaknessBofBmovementBinBlegsBthenBarms-
BearlyBdeformitiesBinBfeetB(highBarch),BpossiblyBlaterBinBhandsB("claw-like")-
BonsetBinBearlyBchildhood/adulthood,BgradualBprogression-BgenerallyBnon-
fatalB(respiratoryBdeficitsBnotBusuallyBpresent),BbutBwideBrangeBofBseveritiesB("Bernad
ette"Bmovie)-BnoBcure,BbutBcanBbeBhelpedBbyBphysicalBtherapy/orthopedicBsurgery
CNSB(centralBnervousBsystem)B-BAnswerBbrainBandBspinalBcord
