GEOGRAPHY COMPREHENSIVE PAPER
2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A+
◉transmission. Answer: EMR passes completely through a medium
(direct radiation in atmosphere).
◉scattering. Answer: random deflection and redirection of EMR by
gas molecules and aerosols (diffuse radiation).
◉diffuse radiation. Answer: EMR that has been scattered around the
atmosphere and eventually travels to Earth's surface.
◉Rayleigh scattering. Answer: shortest wavelengths of light are
preferentially scattered (violet and blue).
◉Mie scattering. Answer: larger molecules of water scatter all light
equally.
◉absorption. Answer: EMR that strikes an object and warms it.
, ◉refraction. Answer: the path of EMR changes in a different
medium.
◉reflection. Answer: the ability of an object to repel EMR.
◉albedo. Answer: the reflective quality of an object.
◉aerosol. Answer: a small particle suspended in the atmosphere.
◉Greenhouse effect. Answer: longwave EMR emitted by the Earth
gets reradiated back to the surface.
◉band saturation effect. Answer: Earth's climate is very sensitive to
small changes in greenhouse gases.
◉isotherms. Answer: lines of constant temperature
◉thermal equator. Answer: connects all points with the hottest
yearly temperature.
◉homosphere. Answer: well mixed atmosphere